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'Perspective made Easy' review
Wow, Ernest Ralph Norling explains 'perspective' with so simple examples that you can easily apply in real life. This book clears very basic topics like vanishing point, relationship of eye level to perspective, 1& 2 point perspective, shadows, interiors etc. Actually their are many advance books on this topic but for beginners and artists, has to read this atleast once.
Basic Concepts in Magnetism pdf Basic Concepts in Magnetism pdf Magnetostatics ; Magnetism of multi-electron atoms ; Crystal field ; Magnetism of the free electron gas ; Dilute magnetic oxides The Magnetic Field ; The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges ; The Motion of Charged particles in a Magnetic Field ; The Magnetic Force Exerted on a CurrentCarrying Wire ; Loops of Current...
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Armoured and Un-Armoured Longsword
[22] This is the text and the gloss on yet another of the Wrath-hew:
Be Stronger against, Wind, Stab. If he sees, then take it down.
(Krakow/ “Goliath” version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig’s Glossa, book from c.1510, text from before 1452)
[49] Yet one play
Mark when you stand in the high guard and he stabs low to you Then stab from above down between his sword and his forward hand and push the pommel to the ground and wind your point on his sword's blade through below his sword and attack him to his right side.
(illustration from Krakow/ “Goliath” version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig’s Glossa, book from c.1510, text from before 1452 - actually text is from the 1452 Rome version of P-PvD, since Krakow is not transcribed on Wiktenauer for the armoured section)
Here we see two kinds of longsword fight. The immediate difference should be obvious. In the first, the fencers aren’t wearing armour. One isn’t wearing shoes, giving a great example to those of use who fence in toe shoes.
In the second, they’re in armour. Full harness, head to foot.
This necessitates a different kind of strategy. In the first image, the plan is simple - stab them in the face from as far away as possible. In the second, both fencers are holding their sword in the “half-sword”, “shortened sword” grip with the non-dominant hand on the blade.
This grip gives better control of the point and better leverage. You need these because in order to hurt an armoured opponent, you need to get the point into the gaps in his harness (inner thigh, armpits, inner elbow, visor etc.) and these are small targets.
The downside, obviously, is a lack of reach. However, without the point control and leverage of the half-sword grip, it’s unlikely that a regular gripped thrust could find the harness’s openings.
What are the rules on interpretation and construction of the Constitution?
To interpret the provisions of the Constitution, the following must be observed:
First, verba legis — whenever possible, the words used in the Constitution must be given their ordinary meaning except when technical terms are involved.
Second, when there is ambiguity ratio legis et anima — the intent of the framers as well as the history of times, conditions, and circumstances under which the Constitution was framed must be considered.
Third, ut res magis valeat quam pereat — the Constitution must be interpreted as a whole, and its provisions should be construed together.
What are the major parts of a constitution?
The three major parts of a constitution are the following:
Constitution of Sovereignty — This refers to the provisions pointing out the modes or procedure in accordance with which formal changes in the Constitution may be made (Art. XVII [Amendments or Revisions]).
Constitution of Liberty — The series of prescriptions setting forth the fundamental civil and political rights of the citizens and imposing limitations on the power of the government as a means of securing the enjoyment of those rights. (Art. III [Bill of Rights]).
Constitution of Government — Provides for a structure and system of government; refers to the provisions outlining the organization of the government, enumerating its powers, laying down certain rules relative to its administration, and defining the electorate (Art. VI [Legislative Department]; Art. VII [Executive Department]; Art. VIII [Judicial Department]; Art. IX [Constitutional Commissions]).
What is the function of the Preamble? Is it a source of enforceable rights or obligations?
No. The Preamble is not a source of enforceable rights or obligations. It only sets down the origin, scope, and purpose of the Constitution and may be used as an aid in ascertaining vague provisions in the body of the Constitution.
May Congress create a new law reinstating a provision from a previous law that was already declared unconstitutional by the Court?
No. In the hierarchy of our laws, the Constitution is always supreme, and any law, issuance, or ordinance that is inconsistent with it is a nullity. Once a law or provision of law has been declared null for being contrary to the Constitution, a subsequent reincorporation or reenactment of the same provision in a new law will not cure its nullity. The only exception to this is when there are compelling circumstances to reverse the earlier conclusion.
(Manila Prince Hotel v GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, 03 Feb 1997)
(Sameer Overseas Placement Agency Inc v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139, 05 Aug 2014)
Does the 1987 Constitution support the economic principle of "laissez faire" or less regulation of private business?
No. The Constitution is not made up of neoclassical economics. It is the basic law. The principle of laissez faire has long been denied validity in this jurisdiction. Far from embracing the doctrine of laissez faire, the Constitution has enshrined a policy of protecting human rights and social justice, with a view toward rising productivity, full employment, and improving the quality of life of the people.
(Universal Robina Corporation v Department of Trade and Industry, G.R. No. 203353, 14 Feb 2023)
