Much has been written about the foils in Jane Eyre used as representations of the conflict Jane faces between passion and reason (ex. Rochester versus St. John, Bertha versus St. John). I wanted to include the Reed cousins (Eliza and Georgiana) within that discussion because I haven't seen much about this particular foil.
In chapter 21 of the novel, Jane meets her cousins while visiting Gateshead to see her sick aunt. She stays for a month and gets to know her cousins, who have changed since she saw them last.
First, my case for the Reed cousins being foils:
Eliza Reed lives like a nun--she wears plain black clothing and keeps herself busy on her own schedule, which runs like clockwork. She devotes herself solely to religious instruction and busywork. Eliza values logic and likes dividing each day into sections for productivity.
Georgiana Reed is the total opposite--she represents the excesses of the wealthy as she's perpetually bored and lives only for balls and social events. Even though she should be in mourning gowns, I've always pictured her wearing fancy pink, puffy dresses, slightly plump with bows in her golden hair and jewelry adorning her neck. Unlike Eliza, Georgiana is "emotional" and complains whenever she isn't the center of attention.
They are both united by their lack of empathy for others and only care for themselves. Georgiana is self-centered and thinks only of her own pleasure, while Eliza, though "religious" in that she observes the rites and studies the Bible, hates Georgiana and wishes to cut ties with her even though they are sisters.
So how is the foil of the contrasting Reed cousins used to develop the conflict of passion versus reason?
Georgiana's "vain and insipid" personality represents the danger of being completely ruled by emotions. She's become immature because she doesn't have any logic/reason with which to control her emotions/channel it into something to occupy herself with.
Eliza is interesting because she is what Jane would have become had she stayed at Lowood; studious and "productive" but slave to a boring routine of religious rites where each day is rigidly divided into portions and controlled by a schedule. Eliza is seemingly level-headed but does not allow herself to feel; as a result of emotional suppression she has lost the ability to love others, calling into question whether or not she is a good Christian.
Jane doesn't approve of Eliza's decision to become a nun because she feels that Eliza would be "walled up alive" inside. By cutting herself off from the outside world and the possibility of human connection she is in effect slowly killing herself. In this way Eliza and St. John Rivers are similar in that their zealous, rigid view of religion turn them into "automatons" who are busy performing religious rites but who don't actually "live."
I saw an interesting post about St. John being a "broken mirror" in that he reflects what would have happened to Jane had she suppressed her emotions and lived according to "duty." In fact, a possibly stronger argument can be made for Eliza being the broken mirror as well. In outward appearances, they resemble each other (plain and wear dark clothing); in fact Eliza modeled herself after Jane's composure. Like Jane, Eliza wants independence, but she and Jane have different ways of getting freedom. They both prize self-sufficiency as a means of attaining some independence; Jane does so through employing herself as a governess, while Eliza is proud of her ability to control her time by setting strict schedules.
But their view of freedom differs significantly. Eliza's freedom involves rejecting human connection so that her time will not be taken up by others. In other words, Eliza's freedom is "negative" in that she wants to banish all obstacles to her lifestyle, even with the cost of emotional imprisonment. In contrast, when Jane becomes "self-sufficient" through inheriting her fortune, her first instinct is to divide it among her family members. Jane achieves her freedom through balancing her individualism with the need to "love others" in a Christian way like Helen Burns; she thrives from the support of those who respect and care for her and in turn gains pride from her individual ability to support them and herself.
As much as Jane dislikes Georgiana for her laziness, she recognizes that Eliza is to blame as well for her lack of compassion towards her sister. And last but not least, Eliza is an important part of Charlotte Bronte's critique of Christianity within the novel. She is by outward appearances a good Christian but in actuality a "machine, an automaton without feelings." Ultimately, the contrasting cousins represent alternate mindsets for Jane, and it is up to her to find the happy balance between passion and reason, self-sacrifice versus self-indulgence, isolation versus community, and "work versus play."
This is a continuation of a fragment I had in my review of the 2006 BBC miniseries version of Jane Eyre about the cousins representing passion versus reason.
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