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SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
Short-term memory problems Severe anxiety, including fear that one is being watched or followed (paranoia) Very strange behavior, seeing, hearing or smelling things that aren’t there, not being able to tell imagination from reality (psychosis) Panic Hallucinations Loss of sense of personal identity Lowered reaction time Increased heart rate (risk of heart attack) Increased risk of stroke Problems with coordination (impairing safe driving or playing sports) Sexual problems (for males) Up to seven times more likely to contract sexually transmitted infections than non-users (for females) 22,32 & 33 LONG-TERM EFFECTS Decline in IQ (up to 8 points if prolonged use started in adolescent age) Poor school performance and higher chance of dropping out Impaired thinking and ability to learn and perform complex tasks Lower life satisfaction Addiction (about 9% of adults and 17% of people who started smoking as teens) Potential development of opiate abuse Relationship problems, intimate partner violence Antisocial behavior including stealing money or lying Financial difficulties Increased welfare dependence REFERENCES THE TRUTH ABOUT MARIJUANA REFERENCES “What Chemicals Are in Marijuana and Its Byproducts,” Charles Ksir, PhD “DrugFacts: Is Marijuana Medicine?” National Institute on Drug Abuse, Jul 2015 “DrugFacts: Marijuana,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dec 2012 “What’s Wrong With Marijuana?” the Trumpet, Feb 2013 “Additional Marijuana Facts,” University of Southern California, May 2015 “Cannabis in the workplace,” National Cannabis Prevention and Information Center, Oct 2011 “Study: Young Adults’ Casual Marijuana Use Causes Brain Changes,” CommonHealth, Apr 2014 “‘Dabbing’ the new drug of choice for teens?” ABC 15 Arizona, Sept 2013 “Officials warn of dangers with earwax marijuana,” KCRA, Nov 2013 “20 Cannabis Strains High in THC,” TheChillBud.com “Marijuana Supply, Sales and Seizures—Potency,” CEDRO Mehmedic et al, 2010 (graph) “Cannabis Substance Profile and Its Health Impact,” UNODC Mehmedic et al, 2010 (graph) “Psychoactive Drugs Notes—Marijuana” Sinsemilla, M. Plonsky PhD “DrugFacts: Marijuana,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, Jan 2014 “Does marijuana use affect driving?” National Institute on Drug Abuse, March 2016 “Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use,” NCBI “Marijuana Use Increases Risk of Traffic Crashes and Deaths,” Potsdam University “More Colorado drivers in fatal crashes positive for pot, study says,” The Denver Post, May 2014 “Percentage of California Drivers Testing Positive for Marijuana, Involved in a Fatal Crash,” FARS 2005–2013 “Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use,” NBCI, Feb 2004 “Stoned Drivers Are Killing More and More Innocent Victims,” CNS NEWS, Oct 2013 “DrugFacts: Marijuana,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, March 2016 “Marijuana Use and Panic Psychopathology Among a Representative Sample of Adults,” NCBI, Apr 2010 “How long does cannabis stay in the body after smoking?” NHS.uk “Smoked Marijuana as cause of lung injury,” NCBI, Jun 2005 “Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use,” NCBI, Jun 2008 “Casual marijuana use linked to brain abnormalities in students: Dramatic effects of small time use; more ‘joints’ equal more damage,” ScienceDaily, Apr 2014 “How Marijuana May Drive the Brain into Psychosis,” LiveScience, Jan 2012 “The Cannabis-Psychosis Link,” Psychiatric Times, Jan 2012 “Effects Of Marijuana: Smoking Pot Burns Out Sperm Count For Men By A Third, Harming Fertility,” Medical Daily, Sep 2015 “Acute, short-term, and chronic effects of marijuana on the female primate reproductive function,” NCBI “DrugFacts: Marijuana,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dec 2012 “Understanding the harmful effects of marijuana use,” AWAREmed, Dr. Akoury, June 2015 “Why Isn’t the Marijuana Plant FDA-Approved Medicine,” NIDA, Dec 2014 “Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis,” Maria Ellengren, Karolinska University, Feb 2007 “What are marijuana’s effects on general physical health?” NIDA, Mar 2016 “Recreational marijuana use and acute ischemic stroke: A population-based analysis of hospitalized patients in the United States,” NCBI, May 2016 “What are marijuana effects?” NIDA, Mar 2016 “Drop in IQ linked to heavy teenage cannabis use,” Nature magazine, Aug 2012 “How does marijuana produce its effects?” NIDA, Mar 2016 “Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife,” NCBI, Oct 201 “Heavy, persistent pot use linked to economic, social problems at midlife,” ScienceDaily, Mar 2016 “Marijuana and the developing brain,” American Psychological Association, Nov 2015 “Why Isn’t the Marijuana Plant FDA-Approved Medicine,” NIDA, Dec 2014 “Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife,” PNAS, Aug 2012 “Regular marijuana usage robs men of sexual highs,” NewScientist, Aug 2009 “Localization and Function of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Corpus Cavaernosum,” European Urology, Sexual Medicine, Feb 2010 “Impact of Cannabis Use on Male Sexual Health,” by Rany Shamloul MD and Anthony J. Bella MD, Jan 2011 “Cannabis Use and Sexual Health,” International Society for Sexual Medicine, Aug 2009 “Does Marijuana Affect Sex Drive?” Prostate.net, March 2011 “National Study Shows “Gateway” Drugs Lead to Cocaine Use,” Columbia University, Nov 1994 “Addiction Related Statistics,” In Balance Intensive Outpatient “Marijuana,” NIDA New York “Medical Marijuana in the Workplace,” NCBI, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2015 Swann study in 2000 on fatally injured drivers on THC “The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use,” Department of Health Australia, 1999