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On this ep of the #podcast we discuss the genetic mutation of #CCR5 #Delta32 the human body’s greatest mistake. Could you be immune to some of the deadliest #diseases ? #NowStreaming #NowPlaying #Science #Nerd #DNA #cure #disease #plague https://www.instagram.com/p/CEXefuMARYr/?igshid=1gn707tqali22
Timothy Brown may have company after a man’s virus went into remission following an HIV-resistant stem cell transplant to treat his cancer.
Timothy Ray Brown, aka “the Berlin Patient,” may now have company as researchers report that a second HIV-positive man has no signs of the virus following successful treatment for life-threatening cancer with a stem cell transplant of immune cells that are naturally resistant to the virus. At this time, researchers have categorized this second man, a British individual dubbed “the London Patient,” as in a state of viral remission.
If scientists are to officially categorize him as cured, the British man will need more follow-up to ensure that his virus does not rebound—thus far, he has gone 18 months without antiretroviral (ARV) treatment with no such resurgence of HIV.
CytoDyn’s injectable PRO 140 is proving to be an effective treatment for multidrug-resistant HIV, Healio reports.
Presenting their findings at the ASM Microbe conference in Atlanta, researchers conducted a study of the investigational humanized monoclonal antibody PRO 140 among 50 people who had HIV that was resistant to at least two antiretroviral (ARV) drug classes. All the participants were infected with HIV that is CCR5-tropic, meaning the virus attaches to the CCR5 coreceptor on the surface of CD4 cells (as opposed to the CXCR4 coreceptor). PRO 140 works by blocking HIV from binding to the CCR5 coreceptor.
The first documentation of a patient fully cured of HIV:
This is the famous case of the "Berlin Patient," Timothy Ray Brown. His case was the first documented cure of HIV and it changed how scientists think about HIV cures.
The key thing is that doctors did not directly mutate his DNA.
Instead, he had leukemia and needed a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant. His doctors found a donor who had a rare genetic mutation called CCR5-Δ32. People who inherit two copies of this mutation have immune cells that lack the CCR5 receptor that most HIV strains use to enter cells.
To use an analogy:
Normal immune cells have a "door handle" called CCR5.
Most HIV strains grab that handle to get inside.
People with two CCR5-Δ32 mutations are missing that handle.
HIV arrives at the door but can't get in.
After the transplant, Brown's own immune system was largely replaced by donor cells carrying the mutation. As a result, HIV had nowhere useful to establish new infections, and the virus never returned.
Was he actually cured?
As far as scientists can tell, yes.
He stopped HIV medications and remained free of detectable HIV for the rest of his life. He later died from recurrent leukemia, but not from HIV.
Why don't we do this for everyone?
Because a bone marrow transplant is one of the riskiest procedures in medicine.
Doctors essentially destroy the patient's existing bone marrow and immune system and replace it with donor stem cells. Serious complications, including death, can occur. The procedure is generally only justified when someone already has a life-threatening cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma.
For someone whose HIV is well-controlled with medication, the transplant would usually be far more dangerous than the HIV itself.
Have there been more cures?
Yes. Since the Berlin Patient, several other people appear to have achieved long-term HIV remission or cure after similar stem-cell transplants, including the:
Adam Castillejo ("London Patient")
"Düsseldorf Patient"
"New York Patient"
"City of Hope Patient"
"Geneva Patient"
Additional recent cases reported in Germany and Norway.
What's especially interesting is that some recent cases suggest the story may be more complicated than simply removing CCR5. Scientists are finding evidence that replacing the immune system and eliminating infected cells may also play a major role. Some people have achieved long-term remission even when the donor wasn't fully genetically resistant to HIV.
What is the status of gene-editing approaches?
This is where things get really exciting.
Researchers are trying to recreate the CCR5 effect without a dangerous bone marrow transplant. The idea is to collect a person's own stem cells, use gene-editing tools such as CRISPR to disable CCR5, and then return those cells to the patient. The hope is that the person gradually develops an HIV-resistant immune system. Researchers view CCR5-targeted gene editing as one of the most promising cure strategies under investigation.
However, as of 2026:
Gene-editing approaches remain experimental.
No widely available CRISPR cure exists.
HIV's hidden reservoirs remain the biggest obstacle.
Current HIV medications, including long-acting drugs such as lenacapavir, remain the standard of care.
What I find remarkable about the Berlin Patient story is that it proved something many scientists weren't sure was possible at all: HIV can be cured under the right circumstances. Before that case, many researchers thought lifelong suppression might be the best humanity could ever achieve. The Berlin Patient showed that true eradication of the virus from a person is possible, even if we haven't yet found a safe and scalable way to do it for millions of people.
HIV
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New Details About The Infamous 'CRISPR Babies' Experiment Have Just Been Revealed
New Details About The Infamous ‘CRISPR Babies’ Experiment Have Just Been Revealed
More than a year ago, the world was shocked by Chinese biophysicist He Jiankui’s attempt to use CRISPR technology to modify human embryos and make them resistant to HIV, which led to the birth of twins Lulu and Nana.
Now, crucial details have been revealed in a recent release of excerpts from the study, which have triggered a series of concerns about how Lulu and Nana’s genome was modified.
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Scientists Slam CRISPR Babies Experiment After Findings Become Public For First Time
Scientists Slam CRISPR Babies Experiment After Findings Become Public For First Time
The gene editing performed on Chinese twins last year meant to immunize them against HIV may have failed in its purpose and created unintended mutations, scientists said Tuesday after the original research was made public for the first time.
Excerpts from the manuscript were released by the MIT Technology Reviewfor the purpose of showing how Chinese biophysicist He Jiankui ignored ethical…
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CRISPR-Edited Cells That Block HIV Last Over a Year Without Side Effects, Study Shows
CRISPR-Edited Cells That Block HIV Last Over a Year Without Side Effects, Study Shows
Blood cells altered to block HIV have safely stuck around for more than a year and a half after they were transplanted into a volunteer, raising hopes of a more accessible cure.
While it’s not the first time HIV-resistant blood cells have been used to fight the infection, this time researchers used CRISPRin a new way. Their success could open this therapy up as a safe and effective…
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