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Scientists uncover role of HTRA3 protease in Cockayne syndrome

New Post has been published on http://www.newsnish.com/technology/science/scientists-uncover-role-of-htra3-protease-in-cockayne-syndrome/

Scientists uncover role of HTRA3 protease in Cockayne syndrome

Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and CNRS, in collaboration with scientists from the Institut Gustave Roussy and CEA, have succeeded in restoring normal activity in cells isolated from patients with the premature aging disease Cockayne syndrome. They have uncovered the role played in these cells by an enzyme, the HTRA3 protease.

This enzyme is overexpressed in Cockayne syndrome patient cells, and leads to mitochondrial defects, which in turn play a crucial role in the appearance of symptoms leading to aging in affected children. These findings, published in the journal PNAS Plus, describe one of the hitherto unknown mechanisms responsible for premature aging. They could also shed light on the normal aging process.

Rare genetic diseases cause accelerated premature aging. To date, there is no treatment for these pathologies. Understanding the causes of premature aging diseases may also help elucidating the process of normal aging. One such disease, Cockayne syndrome (CS), has an incidence of about 2.5 per million births and, in its most severe form, is associated with a life span of less than seven years. Children with Cockayne syndrome show marked signs of premature aging, such as loss of weight, hair, hearing and sight, as well as facial deformation and neurodegeneration.

Cockayne syndrome is caused by mutations in either of two genes involved in the repair of DNA damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) rays. CS patients are hypersensitive to sunlight and burn easily. For decades it was believed that the premature aging process associated with this disease was essentially caused by DNA repair deficiency.

By comparing cells from CS patients and from patients with another, related syndrome causing only UV hypersensitivity, the team led by Miria Ricchetti (Institut Pasteur) with Laurent Chatre (CNRS, at the Institut Pasteur), in collaboration with Alain Sarasin (CNRS, at the Institut Gustave Roussy) and Denis Biard (CEA), discovered that the defects in CS cells are actually due to excessive production of a protease (HTRA3), and induced by oxidative cell stress. In CS cells, HTRA3 degrades a key component of the machinery responsible for DNA replication in mitochondria (the cellular “powerhouses”), thereby affecting mitochondrial activity.

Source:News-medical.net

#Cocane #Science

Simple Fingerprint Test for Cocaine in Blood

New Post has been published on http://www.newsnish.com/technology/simple-fingerprint-test-for-cocaine-in-blood/

Simple Fingerprint Test for Cocaine in Blood

Scientists have developed a new type of drug test that can tell whether you have taken cocaine by analyzing chemical traces left behind in your fingerprint.

A team of scientists led by the University of Surrey discovered a test that makes use of the Mass spectrometry chemical analysis technique – a method proved more accurate than those currently used saliva, blood or urine samples relied on by authorities.

How is it all done? A person’s fingerprint sample is treated with a mixture of methanol and water in an attempt to locate the traces. A mass spectrometer is then used to analyze the print by detecting chemicals based on person’s atomic size. Researchers believe their fingerprint method would be quicker, less invasive, more accurate, more hygienic and much harder to fake than existing tests.

What’s the use? Drug testing is used routinely by courts, prisons, probation services, and other law enforcement agencies. However, traditional drug testing methods are time-consuming and have some limitations. Like if I talk about blood testing, drawing blood from a person’s body takes several minutes as well as requires trained staff. Urine tests also have some privacy concerns. Moreover, methods like blood, saliva, or urine can be biological hazards, and often require specific storage and proper disposal methods. However, scientists believe their new fingerprint method could help law enforcement to carry out portable drug tests within the next decade.

The method would also be useful for the workplace testing, where you want high-throughput.

Source : Thehackernews

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