Chernobog
First mentioning of this deity comes to us from a German priest Helmold. When he describes customs and beliefs of Polabian Slavs in his 12th century "Chronica Slavorum", mentioning:
Est autem Slavorum mirabilis error; nam in conviviis et compotacionibus suis pateram circumferunt, in quam conferunt, non dicam consecracionis, sed execracionis verba sub nomine deorum, boni scilicet atque mali, omnem prosperam fortunam a bono deo, adversam a malo dirigi profitentes. Unde etiam malum deum lingua sua Diabol sive Zcerneboch, id est nigrum deum, appellant.
translated:
The Slavs, too, have a strange delusion. At their feasts and carousals they pass about a bowl over which they utter words, I should not say of consecration but of execration, in the name of the gods—of the good one, as well as of the bad one—professing that all propitious fortune is arranged by the good god, adverse, by the bad god. Hence, also, in their language they call the bad god Diabol, or Zcerneboch, that is, the Black God.
(Tschan, Francis Joseph, The Chronicle of the Slavs by Helmold, New York: Columbia University Press, 1935, p. 159.)
Other mentioning of the same deity are dated to 16th century, and they are using Helmold's claims as a main source. Other than those, we have Knýtlinga saga from 13th century which mentions one deity called Tjarnaglofi. That name, which can be understood as slavic Crnoglavi, means "black headed" and can be connected to earlier attested Zcerneboch, which, as mentioned, means "black god" in modern Slavic languages Crnobog/Czarnobóg/Chernobog.
However, when Helmold writes about Chernobog being an "evil god" and identify him as the "Devil" we can undoubtedly see his christian interpretation of the Slavic believes, which isn't strange if we keep in mind that Helmold is a Roman Catholic priest. If we look into name of Chernobog closely we can see that the first part of his name, "cherno" indeed means "black". But to ancient Slavs as well as other Indo-Europeans, that color does not have strict moral connotation, it is more often related to a chtonic aspect. Later part "-bog" can mean deity, but also it can mean well-being, wealth, or a good fortune. This allows us to recognize Chernobog as a local name for the Slavic deity of other world and giver of wealth - Veles.
Text by: Dušan Božić
Sources:
Веселин Чајкановић - „О врховном богу у старој српској религиј“, Српска књижевна задруга, Београд, 1994
Myroslava T. Znayenko - "On the concept of Chernebog and Bialobog in Slavic Mythology", Acta Slavica Iaponica Vol. 11, 1993, pp. 177-185.
Александар Лома - „Пракосово: словенски и индоевропски корени српске епике“, Балканолошки институт САНУ, Београд, 2002
Picture: Игорь Ожиганов - Чернобог (Igor Ozhiganov - Chernobog)












