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Vinyl Speed Adjust - Passing Waves [Crystal Structures, 2012]

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A spinel crystal structure exhibits unusual, pressure-induced superconductivity

Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with an electrical resistance of zero. Superconductivity is generally observed when materials are cooled down to extremely low temperatures. In some cases, however, like in so-called high-temperature superconductors, this property emerges at higher temperatures. Researchers at the Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutes recently observed pressure-induced superconductivity in CuIr2S4, a spinel that typically becomes an insulator when cooled below about 230 K, meaning that electricity can no longer flow through it. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, shows that progressively tuning this material's crystal structure using pressure prompts the emergence of two distinct superconducting phases, dubbed SC-I and SC-II, with a maximum transition temperature of 18.2 K.

Chaos as a matter of direction: Researchers build layered material where order and disorder coexist

Some materials behave unexpectedly. They crack differently than expected, or react in ways that are hard to explain. The answer often lies in their atomic structure. Is it neatly arranged, as in a crystal, or disordered, as in glass? Researchers at the University of Twente have now created a material that is both simultaneously. In two directions it is disordered; in the third, perfectly ordered. Their findings have been published in Nature Communications. In materials science, the distinction between crystalline and amorphous has been fundamental for more than a century. Crystals such as salt or diamond have a strictly repeating atomic pattern. Amorphous materials such as glass lack that long-range order. "We use that distinction every day," says Mark Huijben, a researcher at the University of Twente. "But we often assume that order or disorder is a property of the whole material. Our work shows it can also be a matter of direction."

Crystals in a new light: Research team proposes rethinking crystal structure analysis

Every crystal's shape is a mirror of the internal arrangement of its molecules, but the molecules in photoswitchable crystals can expand, twist and change properties—from their color to their electronic conductivity—with a simple flash of light. This has made them highly sought-after for applications like pharmaceuticals and data servers. But scientists have very little control over the shape that crystals take. After chemist Jason Benedict's team painstakingly grew photoactive molecules known as dithienylethenes into 19 distinct crystal structures, just two responded to light. "It was a real bummer," says Benedict, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Chemistry, within the University at Buffalo's College of Arts and Sciences. "I can assure you, there's not a lot of interest in non-photoactive crystals made from photoactive molecules." But, "after sitting back and licking our wounds a little bit," as Benedict puts it, they began to ask some questions.

A new family of barium-based crystals reveals rules for structural changes

The ultimate goal of materials scientists is to design and create materials with precise structures and tailored properties. Predictive technologies have advanced significantly with the rise of AI, yet the delicate nature of chemistry, where even the smallest change can alter a material's behavior, remains a challenge for building truly chemically intuitive frameworks. In a recent study, a team of researchers from the US presented a homologous series of barium-based crystals, where the family of materials was built from the same molecular building blocks and capable of forming an infinite range of structures. The only differences among the versions are the size and the arrangement of the blocks, brought about by slight changes in the ratio of the two elements with different electron affinities. What makes this set of materials unique is that knowing one member of a sequence allows you to predict the next. The researchers believe that understanding the relationship between small changes and a material's overall chemistry can help improve AI frameworks for predicting and synthesizing new materials.

Limitations of AI-based material prediction: Crystallographic disorder represents a stumbling block

Computer simulations and artificial intelligence often make significant errors when predicting the properties of new, high-performance materials, according to a new international study led by the University of Bayreuth. In their research, published in Advanced Materials, the scientists provide tools to address this issue. Many devices we use daily—such as smartphone batteries or solar panels on our rooftops—rely on highly optimized materials. In light of societal challenges like climate change, there is a strong demand for new technologies and materials. However, discovering new materials is difficult because experimental development can be time- and resource-intensive.

Colloidal crystal model reveals new factors in controlling polymorph formation

Polymorphs are not mythical, chimeric beasts—they are substances with identical chemical compositions but differing crystal structures that also exhibit different physical and chemical properties. What this means for practical use, is that companies often want to create a certain polymorph—but not the others. Researchers at Tohoku University took a deep dive into using colloidal crystallization as a model system to figure out how to achieve that fine control over specific polymorph formation. The research is published in the journal Communications Physics. Zoom in on a crystal at a microscopic level, and you'll find that what makes it unique is its highly ordered structure. A colloidal crystal has a similar ordered structure, but with the addition of suspended, submicron-sized particles.

In April 1982, Prof. Dan Shechtman of the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology made the discovery that would later earn him the 2011 Nobe

I won't pretend I understand the scientific language here, but that sounds both very cool and somewhat unsettling!

Maybe the backrooms could be real after all...?

#science #4d #fourth dimension #backrooms?#crystal structures #physics #pyhs.org #technology #professor #backrooms #liminal space

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