seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from Canada
seen from United States
seen from Singapore
seen from China
seen from Germany
seen from South Africa
seen from Türkiye
seen from United States
seen from China
seen from Türkiye
seen from China
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
Maslow’s Hierarchy of School Needs
Self-Actualization -- student is available to learn
Esteem -- positive classroom culture -- positive feedback -- time for reflection -- encouragement to take risks
Belonging -- advisory relationships -- adult role models -- friendships -- peer relationships
Safety -- clear routine -- access to counselors -- access to nurse -- okay to take risks
Physiological -- meals -- clean clothes -- safe home
.
Patreon | Ko-fi
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH LECTURE 2: Theories of Human Development
Sigmund Freud
Developed psychosexual theory
Sexual desire driving force behind human development
Driven by three psychic structures:
Id: basis is pleasure principle
Superego: basis of conscience
Ego: basis of reality, mediates between id and superego
Psychosexual stages:
Oral: centered on mouth
Anal: centered on anus
Phallic: centered on genitals
Latency: sexual desires repressed in favor of social and cognitive skill development
Genital: reemergence of sexual desire, directed outside of family
Erik Erikson
Developed psychosocial theory
Focuses on social and cultural environment
Eight stages:
Go through lifespan
Characterized by crisis and resolution
Infancy: trust v. mistrust
Toddlerhood: autonomy v. shame and doubt
Early childhood: initiative v. guilt
Middle childhood: industry v. inferiority
Adolescence: identity v. identity confusion
Early adulthood: intimacy v. isolation
Middle adulthood: generativity v. stagnation
Late adulthood: ego integrity v. despair
Urie Brofenbrenner
Developed ecological theory
Focused on multiple influences that shape behavior
Five levels:
Microsystem: immediate environment
Ex. Family, friends
Mesosystem: interconnections between the microsystems
Ex. child's interactions with friends and family
Exosystem: social institutions
Ex. school, media, religious institutions
Macrosystem: cultural beliefs
Ex. Prevelance of Islam in practicing Middle Eastern countries, starting out sporting events with national anthem in US
Chronosystem: time period
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH LECTURE 1: Introduction to Human Development
Introduction to Human Development
Human development: the way people grow and change across the lifespan
Culture: the total patten of a group's customs, beliefs, art and technology
Globalization: connections between different parts of the world
World is getting virtually smaller and smaller, easier to reach people than in the past
Variations Across Countries
Developed countries: most affluent countries in the world
Make up 17 percent of total world population
Ex. US, Canada, Japan, etc.
Developing countries: less wealth than the developed countries
Make up 83 percent of total world population
Ex. India, China, majority of South America
United States Variation
Two reasons why the US follows a different demographic path:
Total fertility rate is higher than most developed countries
US allows more legal immigration than most developed countries
More Cultural Variation
Variations between developed and developing countries:
Income
Education
Cultural beliefs
Ex. individualism v. collectivism
Variations Within Countries
Majority culture: sets norms and standards
Contexts: settings and circumstances
Ex. rural v. urban living
Socioeconomic status (SES): social class
Educational level
Income level
Occupation status
Gender: expectations of males and females
Ethnicity: cultural origin, traditions, race, religion, language, etc.
Evolutionary Beginnings
Evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Young are born with different characteristics
Species change little by little
Humans' evolutionary beginnings shares ancestry with chimpanzees and gorillas
Human evolutionary line split from apes, called hominid line
Hominid line split, resulting in Homo species
Homo species evolved into Homo sapiens
The Origin of Cultures and Civilizations
Upper Paleolithic Period: art, trade and cultural differences begin to appear
Neolithic Period: climate change to allow farming
Development of Civilization: cities, writing, specialized work
Ancient Conceptions of Development
Similarities in Hindu, Ancient Greek and Talmud:
Youth is preparation
Adulthood is for experience
Old age is for wisdom and peace
Differences found in division of lifespans
