(Left: Jango Fett, the bounty hunter template. Right: Marshall Commander Cody, a high ranking clone trooper.)
Species: Human (sentient)
Template heritage: Mandalorian
Appearance: Black hair, brown eyes, light brown skin, solid build.
Perhaps 1 in 5000 batches were decanted with blond hair, but this was usually a precursor to other defects, and no more than half a dozen of those clones survived training.
Origins: First 'hatched' in 24963 GS [10 years before the battle of Geonosis], the 'vat-born' (as opposed to naturally born or 'nat-born') clones were created to be the ultimate soldier.
Ordered by Count Dooku, under the name of his old friend Sifo Diyas, by the orders of Darth Sidious (then Chancellor Palpatine). The Kaminoans were commissioned to 'build a grand army to defend the glory of the Republic'.
Characteristics: Cloned from the bounty hunter Jango Fett, a Mandalorian warrior, there was much trial and error put into early batches.
Physically they were created stronger in muscle and bone, with high endurance, able to hold their breath for up to four minutes, carry nearly twice their own body weight, and run long distances on little sleep or sustenance.
In order to speed up production, the genome sequence was infected with a virus that sped up the growth rate, to 2x that of nat-born humans. However the virus would begin to die out after the clones' 10th year, and by the time they reached 12.5 years (the equivalent of 25), they could be assured of ageing normally. Turning 25 was generally looked forward to, but it became a much bigger deal in the war, as so many clones died before they could reach that age.
Mentally the clones were tweaked to reinforce a strong memory, increase their willingness to follow orders, and decrease adverse reactions to stress. However the permanence of those alterations was rendered uncertain upon their extended exposure to the Jedi.
(This section requires addition.)
"An army of one man, but the right man for the job." — A popular slogan among troopers.
"In water we are born, in fire we die, our bodies seed the stars." — A mantra originally spoken by one of the Kaminoans, that became the Fett clones' comfort in death, regularly spoken as a memorial.
"For the glory of the Republic." — A warcry.
"A slow soldier is a dead soldier." — A common warning.
"Don't get your liners in a swizz." — Used to tell someone not to get worked up.
"Keep your bucket on." — Used to tell someone to stay calm.
100%: All good, Okay, Great
Bracers: shorter form of vambrace
Buggers: All Terrain Tactical Enforcers (AT-TE), also called 'tanks'.
Clankers: Droids, particularly basic battle droids
Droid bait: idiot, inexperienced
Droid poppers: EMP grenades
Fatigues: Red tunic and pants worn off-duty
Liners: Black, skin tight thermal suit, worn under armour
Nat-born: non-clones, short for 'natural born', usually refers to humans
Rollies: droidekas, as popularised by the Nemoidians
Seps, Seppies: Separatists
Skanky: Bad, rotten, nasty
Vambrace: armour piece for the forearm