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Progress flag colorpicked from MACS 0416 galaxy cluster with gravitationally lensed star Mothra
Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Galaxy Images - May 3rd, 1997.
"What are those strange blue objects? Many are images of a single, unusual, beaded, blue, ring-like galaxy, which just happens to line up behind a giant cluster of galaxies. Cluster galaxies here appear yellow and - together with the cluster's dark matter - act as a gravitational lens. A gravitational lens can create several images of background galaxies, analogous to the many points of light one would see while looking through a wine glass at a distant street light. The distinctive shape of this background galaxy allowed astronomers to deduce that it has separate images at 4, 8, 9 and 10 o'clock, from the center of the cluster. Possibly even the blue smudge just left of the center is yet another image! This spectacular photo from HST was taken in October, 1994. The first cluster lens was found unexpectedly by Roger Lynds (NOAO) and Vahe Petrosian (Stanford) in 1986 while testing a new type of imaging device. Lensed arcs around this cluster, CL0024+1654, were first discovered from the ground by David Koo (UCO Lick) in 1988."
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Chandra, named in honor of the late Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, launched to space aboard the space shuttle Columbia on 23 July 1999.
The crew, including STS-93 Commander Eileen Collins, deployed the telescope into its oval-shaped orbit, which takes Chandra on a path around Earth that is nearly one-third of the distance to the moon.
So far, Chandra has taken nearly 25,000 observations of the universe.
The telescope observes the cosmos through X-ray light, which is invisible to the human eye.
X-rays are released by some of the most energetic events and hottest objects in the universe, including exploded stars, material swirling around black holes, galactic collisions and even exoplanets.
Chandra plays a key role not only as an X-ray telescope but in providing data that pairs with observations from other telescopes.
Combined, all of those wavelengths of light provide a more complete picture that enables astronomers to solve the universe’s lingering mysteries.
24 July 2024
The Galaxy Sized Comet
The galaxy ESO 137-001 has a gas leaking problem, and it stretches for 1.2 million light years, just over half the way to Andromeda from the Milky Way.
The galaxy is 600 million light years from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius, and is nicknamed "The Kite" as it appears to dangle on a string.
The image is a composite, including X-Ray (blue) to help highlight what is actually going on here.
The galaxy is moving quickly through a cluster of galaxies, and as it does it is slamming into ambient gas, which is then stripping the galaxy of it's own dust and gas.
The pressure will slow the galaxy down over time, but it's eventual fate like most galaxies will be probably a merger with another cluster member.
Astronomers have discovered a huge filament of hot gas bridging four galaxy clusters. At 10 times as massive as our galaxy, the thread could
"Astronomers have discovered a huge filament of hot gas bridging four galaxy clusters. At 10 times as massive as our galaxy, the thread could contain some of the Universe’s ‘missing’ matter, addressing a decades-long mystery."
(Simulation of the cosmic web- credit)
"Over one-third of the ‘normal’ matter in the local Universe – the visible stuff making up stars, planets, galaxies, life – is missing. It hasn’t yet been seen, but it’s needed to make our models of the cosmos work properly.
Said models suggest that this elusive matter might exist in long strings of gas, or filaments, bridging the densest pockets of space. While we’ve spotted filaments before, it’s tricky to make out their properties; they’re typically faint, making it difficult to isolate their light from that of any galaxies, black holes, and other objects lying nearby.
New research is now one of the first to do just this, finding and accurately characterising a single filament of hot gas stretching between four clusters of galaxies in the nearby Universe.
As well as revealing a huge and previously unseen thread of matter running through the nearby cosmos, the finding shows how some of the densest and most extreme structures in the Universe – galaxy clusters – are connected over colossal distances.
It also sheds light on the very nature of the ‘cosmic web’, the vast, invisible cobweb of filaments that underpins the structure of everything we see around us."
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An article published in the journal 'The Astrophysical Journal' reports the results of a study on the ongoing merger between two galaxy clus
An article published in the journal "The Astrophysical Journal" reports the results of a study on the ongoing merger between two galaxy clusters that are forming a single new cluster cataloged as MACS J0018.5+1626, or simply MACS J0018.5. A team of researchers used data obtained from observations dating back even decades conducted with various space and ground-based telescopes, analyzing them to decouple the behavior of ordinary matter and dark matter.
To measure the speed of intergalactic gas composed of normal matter, they used the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. The speed of dark matter is roughly the same as galaxies. The result is that dark matter moves faster than normal matter. This result offers clues about dark matter and its behavior that are useful in studies of its nature.
Cosmologists have found new evidence for the standard model of cosmology—this time, using data on the structure of galaxy clusters.
In a recent study published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, a team led by physicists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University made detailed measurements of the X-ray emission from galaxy clusters, which revealed the distribution of matter within them. In turn, the data helped the scientists test the prevailing theory of the structure and evolution of the universe, known as Lambda-CDM.
Getting there wasn't an easy task, however.
Here's the trouble: Inferring the mass distributions of galaxy clusters from their X-ray emission is most reliable when the energy in the gas within clusters is balanced by the pull of gravity, which holds the whole system together. Measurements of the mass distributions in real clusters therefore focus on those that have settled down to a "relaxed" state. When comparing to theoretical predictions, it is therefore essential to take this selection of relaxed clusters into account.
Keeping this in mind, Stanford physics graduate student Elise Darragh-Ford and her colleagues examined computer-simulated clusters produced by the The Three Hundred Project. First, they computed what the X-ray emission for each simulated cluster should look like. Then, they applied the same observational criteria used to identify relaxed galaxy clusters from real data to the simulated images to winnow the set down.
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Primeval Galaxy
