The Structure of an Argument
Hello again,
Last time we summed up all the various assumptions and discussed how you can counter them. Now, let’s take a look the structure of an argument
An argument has two parts and these parts are the evidence and the conclusion.
Evidence is what we can describe as the underlying details. They give the basis for the argument. Take the argument below and see if you can figure out the evidence.
Martin is a high jumper and ever since he has been wearing his new cleats, he has been jumping even higher. Paul should purchase the same cleats so that he can compete with Martin.
So, what’s the evidence?
Here’s a hint; look at the facts. Evidence is always presented as facts. So, what are the facts presented?
Well, we can assume that Paul is a high jumper as well as Martin so one fact would be both these individuals are high jumpers. The second piece of evidence is Martin’s cleats. After that, there is no more evidence.
So, knowing the facts, we should be able to pinpoint the conclusion.
But wait! What is a conclusion? Well, you can think of the conclusion in these terms; prediction, claim, and anticipated/intended result. A conclusion will always be framed in such a way that it speaks of some type of claim, result or prediction.
With this in mind, I’m sure you’ll be able to spot the conclusion in the above article. If you were to say that it is Paul would be able to jump higher if he wore the same type of cleats, then you would be correct. Congratulations!
Sometimes the arguments presented in the AWA have conclusions which are difficult to ascertain. Also, they seem to make two conclusions, but there really is one. You have to look very carefully at the argument. If you are having difficulty understanding the argument, then identifying the conclusion would be the best strategy.
In our next issue, we’ll discuss how conclusions are presented in the AWA arguments. They are not always easy to spot.
Until then, remember to return to TCYonline.com for more information and general tips.
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