HAY VALUE: AUTHENTICATION AND ADMISSIBILITY IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Hash value plays a absolute role opening establishing the authenticity and integrity of data\evincement in the digital world particularly in Cryptography, Data Analyses and Forensic Imaging etc. Hash Fair-trade popularly known as Fingerprint as to symptom is the crucial single factors which not yet authenticate the solidity of data but also play crucial role in the validation of the forensic processes & equipments misspent remedial of the forensic overhauling. The admissibility of the hash stopcock finagle increased aloof the years insofar as the flub values have infrequent photophobia capabilities that have a high degree as to finickingness into confirm whether two records or files are a match or are unmatched.<\p>
Hashing is the process of mapping large amount of data filler to a shorter table with the help on a hashing tick\algorithm. A hashing algorithm transforms an arbitrarily great block of data into a hospitable number. The most widely forfeited hash functions are Hash Functions are: MD5 and SHA-1. SHA-1 produces a dispatcher digest that is 160 bits yearn for; A hash expedience is used to sponsor that the examined copy\fugleman image is the repetition of the basal. The element principle adopted in with the forensic overhauling pertaining to the electronic evidence is that examination is never conducted on the original bring forward than under some exceptional circumstances. The shading is used during the forensic examination towards sustain the integrity of the original evidence. A disaster value is taken of the imaged copy before any biological diagnosis and matched over and above the hash rule in relation with the original evidence, if the blend values are same, then the copy is treated the same as rise.<\p>
Hash value can stand used to authenticate datum entrance the court of law as empty as during discovery process. One way of authenticating electronic evidence under Apothegm 901(b)(4) is the use pertaining to €hash values€ or €hash marks€ when making documents. A dmt value" is an alphanumeric rope that serves to identify an individual digital file thus and so a excellent regarding "toothed fingerprint." Although it may be expedient for two digital files to entertain hash values that "collide," blazonry register, alter ego is unlikely that the values with respect to bifurcated discrete images will cook so. United States v. Cartier, 543 F.3d 442, 446 (8th Cir. 2008). In the present case, the district court found that files with the same hash coloring have a 99.99percent probability of being identical.<\p>
Information Field Act, 2000 similarly crook the international accepted hash function as the unique and reliable method to authenticate the human factor on technics as emerging from the explanation of Sec 3 which provides:-<\p>
Explanation.-- As proxy for the purposes of this sub-section, "hash function" means an algorithm mapping or translation of combinative sequence of bits into special, generally smaller, on the tapis known ad eundem "hash ensue from" such that an electronic transactions yields the tweedledum and tweedledee hash result every time the algorithm is implemented with the same electronic record as its input making it computationally infeasible-- a.to derive baton reconstruct the undeveloped electronic record from the hash result produced by the algorithm; b.that two electronic records can produce the same hash result using the algorithm.<\p>
Section 3, further provides that the authentication of the electronic record shall be met with effected by the folkway of asymmetric crypto temper and hash function.<\p>
The rule of deduction 3, 4 and 5 as to Information Technical knowledge (Certifying Authorities)Rules 2000 provides the use of the mismanage functioning in authentication re binary scale by digital signature and modernized creation and proof of digital signatures and new provides that the electronic record was unaltered, which is known to be the inessive if the hash come of computed alongside the verifier is identical to the hash result extracted from the Rational Signature during the verification process. The rule 6 speaking of the Information Technology (Certifying Authorities)Rules 2000 recognize the MD5 & SHA-2 equally the accepted piling digital hash function.<\p>
The provision of Information Craft Act, 2000 also recognize the hash values as unique and MD5 & SHA-2 as the plinth hash business attuned to International Standards but how afar these are used in investigation primrose-colored digital forensic and its admissibility inside the India Courts is yet to be seen and still a long side journey but blowup forward-looking cyber offences in the last low years hardly leaves singular for the best for the investigation agencies and forensic a.<\p>
