Haplogroups
-- humans can be divided into about 100 haplogroups
-- each haplogroup is made up of a mixture of haplotypes
-- haplotypes share substitutions that define the haplogroup
-- defining substitutions enable the evolutionary relationships between haplogroups to be worked out
-- can be pictured as a network
-- empty nodes represent haplogroups that are unknown in the human population
-- all human haplogroups can be linked in a single network
-- age of a haplogroup can be linked in a single network
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