Our professor also discussed about selection statements which includes if and else and switch.
So an if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the boolean expression is false.
If the boolean expression evaluates to true, then the if block of code will be executed, otherwise else block of code will be executed.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
if...else if...else Statement
An if statement can be followed by an optional else if...else statement, which is very useful to test various conditions using single if...else if statement.
When using if , else if , else statements there are few points to keep in mind.
-An if can have zero or one else's and it must come after any else if's.
-An if can have zero to many else if's and they must come before the else.
-Once an else if succeeds, none of he remaining else if's or else's will be tested.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each case.
The following rules apply to a switch statement :
>The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated type, or be of a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an integral or enumerated type.
>You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.
>The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch, and it must be a constant or a literal.
>When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that case will execute until a break statement is reached.
>When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control jumps to the next line following the switch statement.
>Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control will fall through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.
A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none of the cases is true. No break is needed in the default case.
Thia would produce the following result: