#informal fallacies

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some logic review sheets for my philosophy unit test today! don't forget to check out my etsy page for super cheap washi samples! www.etsy.com/shop/ncdinan

[pastordin]

The All-Encompassing Book of Fallacies: Chapter 5

Chapter 5: Informal Fallacies | The All-Encompassing Book of Fallacies Home | Media | Contact Chapter 5: Informal Fallacies Published on May 21, 2019 1. Definition and Characteristics 1.1 Definition of Informal Fallacies Informal fallacies are errors in reasoning that stem from the content and context of an argument rather than its logical structure. Unlike formal fallacies, which are…

The All-Encompassing Book of Fallacies: Chapter 5

[sumpix]

Ad hominem

Ad hominem (Latin for "to the person"[1]), short for argumentum ad hominem, is a fallacious argumentative strategy whereby genuine discussion of the topic at hand is avoided by instead attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument, or persons associated with the argument, rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself.[2] The terms ad mulierem[3] and ad feminam[4] have been used specifically when the person receiving the criticism is female.

However, its original meaning was an argument "calculated to appeal to the person addressed more than to impartial reason".[5]

Fallacious ad hominem reasoning is categorized among informal fallacies,[6][7][8] more precisely as a genetic fallacy, a subcategory of fallacies of irrelevance.

(via Ad hominem - Wikiwand)

[delanois]

Cause

1943 On the farm   When I was a little boy we moved to a farm from the city. It was all new to me. Cows, pigs, horses, chickens were all new acquaintances. I began to notice sounds, smells, and many new experiences. We had a “swimming pool” on our farm – though my step-father called it a cow tank. I noticed over a period of time, that every morning the rooster would crow and then the sun would…

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[bengalaas]

The modo hoc (or "just this") fallacy is the informal error of assessing meaning to an existent based on the constituent properties of its material makeup while omitting the matter's arrangement. For instance, [..] a cow which is alive and well and a cow which has been chopped up into meat are the same matter but it is obvious that the arrangement of that matter clarifies those different situational meanings.

Wikipedia on the fallacy of composition

[mulhollandmurderscene]

"Their music sucks. The singer’s racist."

"That book sucks. The author’s a misogynist."

"He’s an idiot for being homophobic. Therefore, we shouldn’t take him seriously on any matter, even if he’s making sense."

^ These are called “ad hominems.” These, specifically, are attacking the person and concluding that their work/argument is no good because of some irrelevant fact about the person. One can easily spot such arguments if one of the premises is insulting the person. Ad hominems are illogical forms of argumentation, and I see a lot of them on tumblr. Some of them have more than one premise attacking the person, unlike the examples I gave above. If I see any arguments that are set up like these, I don’t care if you’re arguing against a supporter of White Supremacy, Pro-Life, Conservatism, Liberalism, Veganism, Meat-eating, etcetera. If you make arguments like these, I’m not going to take what you’re saying seriously. Of course, if you fix your arguments such that they make sense, i.e. are logically structured, then of course I’d take what you’re saying into consideration.

[yokaibunny]

The Sophisticate: "The world isn't black and white. No one does pure good or pure bad. It's all gray. Therefore, no one is better than anyone else." The Zetet: "Knowing only gray, you conclude that all grays are the same shade. You mock the simplicity of the two-color view, yet you replace it with a one-color view..."

Marc Stiegler, David's Sling