#initial:e.

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Brazil’s climate policies are often associated with its efforts to curb emissions resulting from the deforestation of the Amazon forest. This working paper reviews Brazil’s exiting climate policies and governance structures, many of which target emissions resulting from deforestation. However, the paper reveals that, if the current objective to reduce emissions resulting from deforestation is met and if no additional policies and measures are implemented in other sectors, energy emissions could overtake forest emissions by 2030, resulting in an increase in Brazil’s national emissions. Therefore, the authors call for a more ambitious energy and climate policy during the coming decade.

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Indigenous peoples have extensive knowledge of their local environment and this knowledge can be a valuable tool for climate change adaptation. Unfortunately, indigenous knowledge is rapidly being lost as a result of globalisation, migration and the continued marginalisation and impoverishment of indigenous peoples. Through the lens of three case studies from the Peruvian Andes, this paper demonstrates the invaluable role that indigenous knowledge can play in adaptation to climate change, as well as the crucial contribution outside actors can play in preserving, restoring and disseminating this knowledge.

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This paper describes how climate smart agriculture differs from traditional agricultural interventions for rural development and highlights the necessary changes in policy and practice to support rural stakeholders to adapt to the changing environment. The paper outlines three changes from business-as-usual development: 1) project and policy preparation must reflect the higher risks associated with climate change, calling for the use of vulnerability assessments and greater use of climate scenarios; 2) the appreciation of the interconnected risks should lead to scaling up of a multiple benefit approach to agricultural intensification by smallholder farmers to address poverty alleviation, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increase yields and enhance biodiversity; 3) changes in international development finance will enable smallholders to become direct beneficiaries of climate finance.

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This report outlines the training provided for media practitioners on Climate Change Fact, Communication and Adaptation Strategies at a workshop organised by Global Unification, The Gambia, in partnership with the Gambia Press Union and funded by Action Aid International -The Gambia. It was carried out on the theme: Strengthening Media Capacity on the Climate Change Communication in The Gambia, and aimed to strengthen the capacity of media practitioners on climate change communication. The workshop brought together 27 local journalists, four international participants and five facilitators. It was organised in the form of group discussions and skills-building sessions. Participants were encouraged to share good practices on climate change communication and the role the media should play, as well as making recommendations for ways to improve the climate change communication gap between the media, policy makers and local communities in the country.

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Global climate change raises profound questions for social and political theorists. The human impacts of climate change are sufficiently broad, and will exacerbate inequalities between rich and poor countries despite the limited role of the latter in their origins. Responding to these impacts will require the implementation of environmental and social policies that are both environmentally effective and consistent with the equality and liberty of populations to which they are applied. This article considers whether global emissions trading is defensible from a liberal egalitarian perspective. After a brief review of the theory and practice of emissions trading, a number of normative objections to the international trade in emissions allowances are analysed. It is argued that instituting a global network of emissions trading schemes would be illegitimate in absence of significant procedural and consequential safeguards.

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This paper examines the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) in promoting human rights on the African continent, with particular reference to the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Th aim is to determine the scope of ICT usage vis-à-vis traditional approaches, especially in the digital age, and to suggest alternatives. The paper seeks to render a critical analysis that will lead and co-ordinate a programme of promotional work across the region, including the integration of ICT strategies in its promotional work.

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This report presents the framework and discusses methods and approaches that can be used for transport project CO2 evaluation in Latin America and the Caribbean through the presentation of two case examples. A companion paper presents the findings from the portfolio review and interviews.The introductory chapter presents background and context, describing the current and projected transport and greenhouse gas emissions situation in LAC.Chapter two presents a conceptual framework for integrating CO2 considerations into urban transport with the aim of moderating CO2 emissions in Latin America.Chapter three addresses ways to estimate the impacts of CO2 from urban transport projects.The final chapter provides a summary of key points from the previous chapters and presents the authors’ conclusions.

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This paper examines underlying issues and lays out an array of possibilities. To set the issue in context, it looks first at the history and evolving nature of human adaptation to climate. It then highlights key issues in the design of adaptation policy, and summarises and assesses international adaptation efforts to date. Finally, the paper outlines three broad and potentially complementary approaches to future international efforts: adaptation under the UNFCCC; integration with development; and "climate" insurance.