Description TCP / IP in depth (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
TCP / IP is a set of protocols that supports groups of separate networks and enables them to connect locally (on the computers in their physical neighborhood) and facilitate the delivery of connect to remote systems (a system is not part of their local network). The protocols are standard procedures governing the transmission of data between computers (WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University). TCP / IP was designed by the U.S. government to be able to support huge networks and still survive a crisis like a nuclear attack. TCP / IP is re-routable (in conjunction with appropriate equipment) even if the different parts of the network down, other computers can still communicate. TCP / IP is a distinct group of many individual protocols that work together and is often called TCP / IP. These protocols handle many different tasks, most of whom work in the background and requires no custom configuration of the average user. This protocol suite is installed on almost all modern networks (even a small home network two computers) and that is what makes the Internet possible. Each time you check your e-mail or browse to a page you use TCP / IP. The main parts of individual and separate TCP / IP Internet protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). IP performs the task of getting packets of data from one system to another. TCP control individual sessions to ensure that all data is sent to the right place on the receiving system. To understand the term TCP / IP major individual processes must be defined with their relation to the whole system and computer equipment. Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for giving each host system or a unique name or IP address. The information is moved across the network using unique IP addresses of both systems for sending and receiving. An IP address consists of four numbers separated by periods for each value between 0 and 255. For example, 128.223.116.2 is a valid IP address. Domain Name Service (DNS) is a process which corresponds to the English names to IP addresses. Whenever you type in a domain name (like http://www.google.com) in your browser like a series of computers makes up the IP address of the system, then your computer uses the TCP / IP to connect. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) works in the background of TCP / IP and is used in the LAN (PC segment in the same physical space interconnected) for each computer to broadcast a request for information to all other systems within individual local network. In response to this multi-cast each computer responds with the physical address of their network hardware. ARP is what connects the IP address configurable physical network hardware address (MAC address). It is important to note that in the local network of each individual system sends queries to all other individual systems. Thus, if the LAN is too great, the traffic generated from all requests for individual addresses slows the flow of information. When a computer wants to send a message to a system outside its local network, it sends the request to a gateway. A gateway is a piece of material with at least two network connections that blocks local ARP packets and forward together with all other gateways on the network. Gateways to store information on systems that are on the LAN. They also know where to forward the information sent to remote systems. If a system wants to send information to a local computer, it uses ARP, but if she wants to send information to a remote system, it transmits the information to the gateway. Through a process of routing and rerouting, the information arrives at its destination specified which can be thousands of miles away and can pass through many gateways in the process. TCP / IP uses a value called a subnet mask to distinguish between the local IP address system and those remote computers. IP addresses are divided and distributed in blocks of addresses called the network ID. They play in the configuration of TCP / IP and a number you've probably seen before. (In a Windows environment, you can view the Properties window in TCP / IP box below the details of network connection) Transmission Control Protocol (TP) gives each packet of information sent over the network a number called a port which specifies what application to provide information for once it is received. Different data types have specific TCP port numbers to the title. For more security, port numbers can be blocked (firewall accomplishes this task) do not allow applications that could run malicious programs to execute the information sent over the network. TCP / IP works very effectively. All computers on the network are configured with an IP address or number to identify their location on the network. Each system sends individual requests for help (ARP) for all other individual systems on the LAN. Each computer stores the individual address networking equipment and information to directly communicate with any computer in its physical location. When a computer wants to communicate with a system outside of its local area, it sends the request to an IP gateway, which is a piece of hardware that works in conjunction with all other gateways to route the request to the right place. IP addresses and subnet masks have specific ranges of values that tell computers and gateways which information is to travel to the region and what needs to be routed to a new location. Domain names are representations in English which are translated into IP addresses. Once the information is sent to the correct recipient, the receiving computer reads a specific port number (sent with the data) that specifies the application that must read the information. On modern networks of these tasks is performed automatically without any direct intervention by the average user.
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