~별(로)
Nouns:
명단 = name list 설정 = setting 부서 = department 대표 = representative 협약 = agreement, treaty 동맹 = alliance 세월 = time (usually when “passing”) 직급 = rank at one’s job 식구 = family member 공룡 = dinosaur 신분증 = identification card 사춘기 = puberty 주근깨= freckle 절 = Buddhist temple 평균 = average, mean 연말 = the end of the year 과제 = task, project, thing to do 체중 = weight 대륙 = continent 임시 = temporary 회전 = rotation 계급 = a “class” in society 회식 = staff dinner
Verbs:
배분하다 = to distribute 깨우다 = to wake somebody up 적립하다 = to save up, to accumulate 야근하다 = to work at night 증명하다 = to prove
Introduction:
In this lesson, you will learn how to add ~별 to nouns and the meaning it creates. You will see that it is often attached to nouns to describe another noun, or used with ~로 to act as an adverb. Let’s get started.
~별 is added to nouns that represent more than one type or level of something. When this is done, it classifies the different types/levels and indicates that something is done (separately) for each type/level. For example:
수준 = level 수준별: There could be multiple levels of something (for example, high level, medium level, low level). Here, something will be done separately for each level.
성 = sex/gender 성별: Of course, there is more than one sex/gender. Here, the sexes will be classified and something will be done separately for each sex.
학년 = a grade level in school (1st grade, for example) 학년별: Here, grades within a school will be classified and something will be done separately for each grade.
부서 = department 부서별: Here, departments within a company/office will be classified and something will be done separately for each department.
개인 = personal, individual 개인별 Of course, there are many types of individuals. Here, individuals will be classified and something will be done separately for each person.
국가 = nation 국가별: Here, nations will be classified and something will be done separately for each nation.
These constructions (which are considered nouns) are often placed before other nouns to describe them.
For example:
수준별 수업 = a class divided by levels 성별 임금 차이 = the difference in wage between the two sexes 학년별 명단 = a list of students names based on grade 부서별 회의 = a meeting for each department 개인별 평가 = an evaluation done for each individual 국가별 언어 설정 = the language setting for each nation
These types of constructions can now be placed in sentences. For example:
수준별 수업은 좋은 점도 있고 나쁜 점도 있어요 = Classes divided by levels have good points and bad points, too
대부분 회사에는 성별 임금 차이가 있어요 = At most companies, there is a wage difference between sexes
개학 전에 우리는 학년별 명단을 작성해야 돼요 = Before the start of school, we need to make a list of students names by grade
각 부서마다 부서별 회의를 할 거예요 = Each department will have a meeting (among themselves)
연말이라서 부서별 회식이 많아요 = It is the end of the year, so there are a lot of staff dinners/parties among departments
here could be many different translations for ~별(로). As you will see in the examples below, it might translate to:
by…
based on…
separate(ly)…
depending on…
I always stress that you try to ignore the English translations. Instead, focus more on my explanation of~별(로) and how its meaning applies to the examples.
우리 회사는 분기별로 세금을 내요 = Our company pays tax by the quarter 코치가 선수들을 체중별로 나눴어요 = The coach divided the athletes by weight 저는 신분증을 나이별로 다 정리했어요 = I organized the ID cards by age
모든 나라가 국가별로 대표를 지명했어요 = Each country designated a representative separately
대륙별로 발견된 공룡들의 무게는 달랐어요 = The weight of dinosaurs was different depending on the continent they were discovered in
사람의 평균 월급은 보통 계급별로 다릅니다 = The average pay/income of a person is different depending on class
아이들을 성별에 따라 대우하는 것이 좋지 않아요 = It’s not good to treat children based on their gender
학생들이 그때 학년별로 강당에서 나올 거예요 = Students will leave the auditorium in the order of grade
우리 가족이 모일 때마다 항상 나이별로 음식을 나눠서 먹어요 = Whenever our family members meet, we always divide the food and eat depending on age
세월이 흐르면서 동물이 종별로 다른 곳으로 이동했어요 = As time goes by, animals move/migrate to different places depending on their species
한국에서는 영어와 수학수업이 보통 수준별로 나눠져요 = In Korea, English and Math classes are usually divided by level
그 문제를 해결하는 방법을 찾으려고 내일 각 부서가 부서별로 회의를 할 거에요 = In order to solve that problem, each department will have a separate meeting
모두 개인별로 자기 생각을 종이에 쓰고 나서 모으자 = Each person write their ideas on a piece of paper separately and then let’s meet
이 동맹을 시작하려면 각 나라마다 국가별로 협약에 동의해야 돼요 = If you want to start this alliance, each country needs to agree to the treaty as a nation
우리는 지금 회사원들에게 직급별로 내용을 배분하도록 하겠습니다 = We will now distribute the materials/content to the workers by rank/level
학생들이 사춘기를 겪고 있기 때문에 학생들을 성별로 나눠서 그 영상을 보여줘야 될 것 같아요 = Because students are going through puberty, we will probably have to divide them by sex and show that video to them
That’s it for this lesson!
