OTD in Music History: Important 20th Century pianist-composer Karol Szymanowski (1882 - 1937) – hailed in some circles as the greatest Polish composer after Frederic Chopin (1810 – 1849) – dies of tuberculosis at a sanitarium in Lausanne, Switzerland.
A member of the “Young Poland” modernist movement that flourished in the late 19th and early 20th century, Szymanowski's early works owe a clear debt to the late-Romantic German school (i.e., Richard Wagner [1813 - 1883], Richard Strauss [1864 - 1949], and Max Reger [1873 - 1916]) as well as eccentric Russian "mystic" pianist-composer Alexander Scriabin (1871 - 1915).
Later on, however, Szymanowski developed an increasingly personal style which blended elements of free atonality / polytonality, French “Impressionism” (drawing from the work of Claude Debussy [1862 - 1918] and Maurice Ravel [1875 - 1937]), and Polish folk music.
Indeed, to that last point, the establishment of an independent Polish state in 1918 inspired Szymanowski to consciously seek to forge a distinctly “Polish” style of “classical” composition – a daunting task that hadn’t been seriously attempted by any major composer since Chopin.
Polish musicologist Aleksander Laskowski has opined that Szymanowski "ultimately succeeded in his goal of inventing a musical language all his own [...] His works were true and ingenious creations, and his oeuvre shows an incredible development from the Straussian and Wagnerian aesthetic, through an interesting and very romantic 'Oriental' period, and finishing with a nationalist period.”
PICTURED: A publicity headshot of the middle-aged Szymanowski (photographed by the famous “Fayer of Vienna” atelier), which he signed and inscribed to a fan in 1931. Szymanowski has also written out a few measures from the opening of his folk-music-infused ballet “Harnasie," which was not publicly premiered until 1935.
Autograph material from Szymanowski is exceedingly rare.