#liposome

[samarajethwa]

Some sciencey 3D models for a poster I made

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[genizer-llc]

Liposome & Lipid Nanoparticle Preparation and Production Equipment

Liposomes are artificially synthesized vesicles composed of phospholipids and cholesterol that mimic biological cell membranes. Their particle sizes typically range from 50–200 nm and can be adjusted according to preparation methods. Liposomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds and are widely studied for drug delivery, gene delivery, and vaccine formulation research.

As liposome- and LNP-based formulations continue to expand in clinical and commercial applications, they are often categorized as complex injectable dosage forms. Their development requires dedicated processing equipment and carefully controlled production parameters. Among these parameters, particle size control remains one of the most critical factors for ensuring batch-to-batch consistency and predictable delivery behavior.

Common techniques for reducing liposome and lipid nanoparticle size include ultrasonication, shearing, high-pressure homogenization (HPH), and membrane extrusion. Genizer focuses on shearing, extrusion, and HPH-based technologies, supporting scalable preparation from laboratory research through pilot and industrial production.

Particle Size Reduction Technologies

1. Shearing

Shearing applies mechanical forces as samples pass through narrow gaps at high rotational speeds, resulting in particle size refinement. Excessive energy may disrupt lipid bilayer structures, so shearing is typically used as a pretreatment step or for specific formulations such as multilamellar vesicles or passively loaded liposomes.

2. High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH)

High-pressure homogenization is a widely adopted method for producing liposomes and lipid nanoparticles with controlled particle size. As formulations pass through high-pressure interaction chambers, they are subjected to shear, impact, and turbulence, resulting in efficient size reduction while maintaining formulation consistency across different processing scales.

3. Extrusion

Liposome Extrusion Mechanism

Extrusion involves forcing lipid vesicles through membranes at temperatures above the phospholipid phase transition point. Particle size is governed by membrane pore size, applied pressure, and processing temperature. Proper optimization enables narrow particle size distributions and high reproducibility, making extrusion particularly suitable for applications requiring uniform liposome populations.

Liposome Extrusion Size Distribution

Genizer Liposome and Lipid Nanoparticle Equipment

Hand Driven Liposome Extruder: Designed for small-scale laboratory preparation with processing volumes from 0.1–2.5 mL

Pneumatic Liposome Extrusion System: Suitable for medium-scale and continuous operation, supporting volumes from 10 mL to 10 L

High-Pressure Sanitary Pump with Online Liposome Extrusion System: Scalable from laboratory to industrial production, enabling controlled particle sizes in the range of 80–250 nm and supporting higher throughput via modular configurations

High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH): Available for laboratory-scale applications (NanoGenizer) and large-scale manufacturing (WILL Series)

Additional Advantages

Scalable configurations supporting continuous processing from research to production

Temperature control options, including pre-heating and rapid post-process cooling, to support particle size stability

These systems can be configured individually or in combination according to specific formulation and production requirements, enabling efficient and reproducible liposome and lipid nanoparticle preparation.

Applications of Liposomes and Lipid Nanoparticles

Liposome- and LNP-based formulations are commonly applied in:

Targeted drug delivery to improve circulation time and formulation stability

Vaccine delivery systems and adjuvant research

Anticancer, anti-infective, and immunotherapy development

By adjusting particle size, polydispersity, and processing parameters, uniform and stable lipid-based nanoparticles can be obtained with improved encapsulation performance and formulation robustness.

Explore Genizer Liposome Equipment

Select the appropriate system for your laboratory or production requirements:

Hand Liposome Extruder

Pneumatic Liposome Extruder

High Pressure Sanitary Pump + Online Liposome Extruder

High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH)

[genizer-llc]

Ease of Use and the Liposome HandExtruder

One of Genizer’s most compact pieces of equipment is the HandExtruder. The HandExtruder is popular in academic and small labs because of its small size and low dead volume. Researchers utilize it to get the desired size of liposome or lipid nanoparticle. Particle size can impact circulation time, uptake and stability. All of these are important aspects in different uses for liposomes. The affordability of the HandExtruder makes it an accessible entry point to liposome extrusion for academics. The HandExtruder has been cited in academic work in pharmaceutical research. One example is a study where our Handextruder, with 200nm membranes, was used to create liposomes to study cancer treatment (link). In another study, the HandExtruder was used in the preparation of vaccination nanoparticles (link). Beyond pharmaceuticals, reasearchers use the HandExtruder in diverse fields like agriculture (link), and protocell research (link). As time has gone on, we continue to learn from client feedback.

After talking with our clients at trade shows, we learned of an issue some clients experienced with the HandExtruder. The small syringe end was becoming uncomfortable after multiple passes. We decided to add a more ergonomic option. Our team developed syringe pads to increase the surface area on your palm. These pads increase the ease to which researchers can get liposomes down to size. The syringe pads can be added or removed.

If you would like to add syringe pads, please let our team know when you order. We’ll get you re-sizing liposomes or lipid nanoparticles with ease!

Liposome HandExtruder

Description: Hand driven extruder is for formulation of 0.25mL-2.5mL liposome and lipopolyplex; Temperature control is available.

[genizer-llc]

Achieve Precision & Scale in Liposome Development with Genizer Extruders

In the fields of drug delivery, vaccine development, and genetic medicine, the precision and reproducibility of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes are paramount. Genizer's comprehensive portfolio of Liposome Extruders is engineered to meet this critical need, providing researchers and manufacturers with reliable, scalable, and compliant solutions from initial discovery to large-scale GMP production.

Why Choose Genizer Liposome Extruders?

Our extrusion technology is designed to transform heterogeneous lipid suspensions into homogeneous, unilamellar vesicles with narrow size distribution in a simple, one-step process. The core advantages that define our systems include:

Unmatched Size Control: Produce uniform liposomes and LNPs with precise diameters, typically achieved in just 3-10 passes through our defined pore-size, track-etched membranes.

Minimal to Zero Dead Volume: Maximize the yield of your valuable samples, from precious 0.25 mL research formulations to 200 L commercial batches, minimizing waste and cost.

Precise Temperature Control: Critical for handling heat-sensitive compounds, our systems (like the HandExtruder-RT and Jacketed Extruder) maintain optimal temperatures throughout the extrusion process to ensure lipid stability and integrity.

Scalability from Bench to Plant: Our range is designed for seamless scale-up. Start with the manual HandExtruder for small-scale R&D, move to the Online Extruder for pilot studies, and integrate the Multi Online System with sanitary pumps for full-scale GMP manufacturing.

Regulatory Compliance: Constructed from pharmaceutical-grade 316L stainless steel, our systems are easy to clean, sterilize, and are designed to comply with FDA and GMP sanitary standards, ensuring your process is audit-ready.

Explore the Genizer Extruder Portfolio:

HandExtruder: The perfect entry point for basic research. Manually operated for samples from 0.25mL to 2.5mL, it offers minimal dead volume and optional temperature control for fast, easy formulation.

Jacketed Liposome Extruder: Compressed air-driven for consistent pressure up to 500 psi. Its jacketed design provides excellent temperature control for processing sensitive drug and gene delivery formulations.

Online Liposome Extruder: Engineered to be connected inline with a sanitary pump or homogenizer. It is ideal for continuous processing from pilot to production scale, offering no dead volume and full temperature control.

Multi Online Liposome Extruders System: The solution for high-volume manufacturing. This system can control temperature and produce up to 200L per batch of therapeutic liposomes, such as those for anticancer drugs.

Sanitary Pump Systems (NanoPump & PilotPump): The intelligent force behind the extrusion. These PLC-controlled pumps deliver highly accurate pressure and feature full monitoring capabilities, ensuring a reproducible and successful process.

Your Partner in Advanced Formulation

Whether you are developing the next breakthrough mRNA vaccine, a targeted cancer therapeutic, or a novel cosmetic delivery system, Genizer provides the extrusion technology you can trust. Our systems are built to deliver the precision, reliability, and compliance required to accelerate your product from the lab to the clinic.

[genizer-llc]

The NanoGenizer | A High-Pressure Homogenizer for Laboratory Settings

The NanoGenizer is the most popular unit from Genizer. This high-pressure homogenizer is perfect for laboratory settings because of its compact and energy efficient design.  The NanoGenizer is simple to use. It plugs into the wall and has a convenient touch screen with an auto-stop function. The body of the NanoGenizer serves as the engine to power the ceramic piston. The sample travels in through the inlet valve and out the outlet valve into the diamond interaction chamber (DIXC).

The DIXC can be either Y-shaped or Z-shaped. In the Y-shaped interaction chamber, the sample separates into two streams. The streams turn at a 90° angle and collide with each other. Where the two streams collide, forces like high shear and cavitation homogenize the sample. While in the Y-shaped interaction chamber the sample collides with itself, in the Z-shaped chamber the sample collides with the wall of the chamber. In addition to the cooling function in the interaction chambers, Genizer offers a real-time cooling system, with the heat exchanger. This feature is useful for thermally unstable samples. Common applications for the NanoGenizer include but are not limited to nanoemulsions, cell disruption and deagglomeration.

[genizer-llc]

3 Questions to Choose a Liposome Extruder

3 Questions to Ask While Looking for a Liposome Extrusion Option

There are three questions to ask when you are choosing a liposome extrusion option. First, what pore size do you need? While a solo homogenizer reaches a liposome size of 20-30nm, any option with extrusion allows for more choice.

Second, what power types do you have access to? The jacketed liposome extruders allow for gas power. An electric option is available if you go for a high-pressure homogenizer with or without an extruder. And manual options are available in the HandExtruder and HandGenizer.

Third, what scale of sample do you need to process? Genizer makes extrusion options from 1 mL to manufacturing scale.

There are advantages coming from the various options as well to help you make your choice! Reach out at [email protected] for more information.

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