#malayalam:ref

[guillemelgat]

Malayalam Verb of the Day: ചെയ്യുക /ceyyuka/ - to do

Past: ചെയ്തു /ceytu/

Present: ചെയ്യുന്നു /ceyyunnu/

Future: ചെയ്യും /ceyyum/

NEGATIVE FORMS

Past: ചെയ്തില്ല /ceytilla/

Present: ചെയ്യുന്നില്ല /ceyyunnilla/

Future: ചെയ്യില്ല /ceyyilla/

[guillemelgat]

I'm trying to learn more vocabulary in Malayalam and also learn the verb conjugations (because the past tense sucks), so I'm going to be trying to post a verb every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Today we have a very basic but important one: കഴിക്കുക /kaḻikkuka/ (to eat)!

കഴിക്കുക /kaḻikkuka/ - to eat

Past: കഴിച്ചു /kaḻiccu/

Present: കഴിക്കുന്നു /kaḻikkunnu/

Future: കഴിക്കും /kaḻikkum/

NEGATIVE FORMS

Past: കഴിച്ചില്ല /kaḻiccilla/

Present: കഴിക്കുന്നില്ല /kaḻikkunnilla/

Future: കഴിക്കില്ല /kaḻikkilla/

Pronunciation side note: ഴ /ḻ/ is pronounced kind of like the letter r in English, not like an l. And ച /c/ is pronounced like ch.

[guillemelgat]

Malayalam Verb of the Day: പറയുക /paṛayuka/ - to tell, to speak

Past: പറഞ്ഞു /paṛaññu/

Present: പറയുന്നു /paṛayunnu/

Future: പറയും /paṛayum/

NEGATIVE FORMS

Past: പറഞ്ഞില്ല /paṛaññilla/

Present: പറയുന്നില്ല /paṛayunnilla/

Future: പറയില്ല /paṛayilla/

[guillemelgat]

Malayalam Verb of the Day: കുടിക്കുക /kuṭikkuka/ - to drink

Past: കുടിച്ചു /kuṭiccu/

Present: കുടിക്കുന്നു /kuṭikkunnu/

Future: കുടിക്കും /kuṭikkum/

NEGATIVE FORMS

Past: കുടിച്ചില്ല /kuṭiccilla/

Present: കുടിക്കുന്നില്ല /kuṭikkunnilla/

Future: കുടിക്കില്ല /kuṭikkilla/

[guillemelgat]

Here are some basic colors in Malayalam! I want to make one of those nice colors posts and also with a more complete set of colors, but for now I guess this will suffice. As far as I know, if I didn’t list a part of speech next to the color, it works for both??? But I’m not really sure.

നിറം, വർണ്ണം /niṛam, varṇṇam/ - color

വെളുപ്പ് /veḷuppŭ/ - white (n.)

വെളുത്ത് /veḷuttŭ/ - white (adj.)

കറുപ്പ് /kaṛuppŭ/ - black (n.)

കറുത്ത് /kaṛuttŭ/ - black (adj.)

നീലം /nīlam/ - blue

ചുവപ്പ് /cuvappŭ/ - red (n.)

ചുവന്ന് /cuvannŭ/ - red (adj.)

പച്ച /pacca/ - green

മഞ്ഞ /mañña/ - yellow

തവിട്ട് /taviṭṭŭ/ - brown

[guillemelgat]

Okay yes this was a random chapter in this book but actually I feel like these are useful words to know if you’re in India, both jewelry and metalwork are very important and it might be helpful to at least be able to recognize these. Also apparently the word for lead also refers to a mystery metal (possibly tin??) which was commonly used to plate pans. My dad was very surprised that they translated it as lead, and we still have not come to a conclusion on if it’s a different thing or if my dad was just lead-poisoned as a child??? Anyways stay tuned for that lol

ലോഹം /lōham/ - metal

ഇരുമ്പ് /irumpŭ/ - iron

ചെമ്പ് /cempŭ/ - copper

പിച്ചള /piccaḷa/ - brass

ഈയം /īyam/ - lead (or tin??)

സ്വർണ്ണം /svarṇṇam/ - gold

വെള്ളി /veḷḷi/ - silver

തുത്തനാകം /tuttanākam/ - zinc

ഓട് /ōṭŭ/ - bronze

[guillemelgat]

Conjunctions in Malayalam

This list is very chaotic but it’s one of my weakest points in Malayalam and also one of the most necessary things to know in a language. So here’s my attempts to decipher the notes I got from my father, for some of them I did actually write down how to use them and for others I didn’t :’) Also the ones marked with the asterisk (*) are quite possibly spelled wrong in Malayalam, since I wrote down the romanization and couldn’t find the actual spelling in any dictionary. But hopefully this is still useful for people!

-ഉം /um/ - and ➣ used after each item in the list (so for example, to say "apples and oranges", you'd put -um after both "apples" and "oranges")

പക്ഷേ /pakṣē/ - but, though ➣ works like the English conjunction

-ഔ* /-au/ - or ➣ same as -um, used after each item in the list

അതുകൊണ്ട് /atukoṇḍŭ/ - because, so ➣ literally 'for/because of this'

അപ്പൊ /appo/ - so, then ➣ literally 'then' (but the shortened, less formal form - my dad also says eppo for 'when' and ippo for 'now')

അതുകാരണം /atukāraṇam/ - because ➣ literally 'for this reason'

അപ്പോള്‍ /appōḷ/ - while, when ➣ unshortened form of 'then'

നേരുത്ത്* /nēruttŭ/ - while ➣ appol is apparently better

എങ്കില്‍ /eṅkil/ - if ➣ goes after the clause ('if you buy milk' > 'you buy milk if')

വരെ /vare/ - until ➣ also atŭ vare 'until that', I think my dad pronounced it vere

മുതല്‍ /mutal/ - since

മുമ്പ്‌ /mumbŭ/ - before ➣ comes after the word ('before school' > 'school before'), also my dad pronounced it mumbe

കരിഞ്ഞ്* /kariññŭ/ - after ➣ same as mumbŭ

പിന്നെ /pinne/ - after, then, so ➣ I believe this goes in the same order as English

ഉമ്പൊൽ* /umbol/ - when, while

ആ സമയത്ത്‌ /ā samayattŭ/ - when ➣ literally 'at that time'

എന്നി /enni/ - then

എന്നിം /ennim/ - again ➣ shortened form of enni-um 'and then'

[guillemelgat]

Measurement-related vocab in Malayalam! Hope this is all correct, it was kind of a strange set of words.

അളവ് /aḷavŭ/ - measurement

തുലാസ് /tulāsŭ/ - scale

കഷണം /kaṣṇam/ - piece

നീളം /nīḷam/ - length

വീതി /vīti/ - width

പൊക്കം /pokkam/ - height

ഘനം /ghanam/ - weight

വലുത് /valutŭ/ - big

ചെറുത് /ceṛutŭ/ - small

വളരെ /vaḷare/ - much, many, a lot

കുറച്ച് /kuṛaccŭ/ - little, few, not much