#mauchline

[unteriors]

Burnside Road, Mauchline, East Ayrshire.

[scotianostra]

February 25th 1765 saw the birth of Jean Armour, “Belle of Mauchline” and wife to our National Bard Robert Burns.

For all his philandering ways when he was a young lad there can be no doubt that Robert Burns loved his wife, Jean was second oldest of the eleven children of stonemason James Armour and Mary Smith. She met Robert Burns on a “drying green” in Mauchline around 1784 when she chased his dog away from her laundry. According to Armour’s testimony in 1827, she met Burns again at a local dance and she “fell acquainted” with him.

Jean became pregnant with twins early in 1786. Her announcement, in March 1786, that she was expecting Robert Burns’ twins caused her father to be “in the greatest distress, and [he] fainted away”. Burns signed a paper attesting his intent to marry Jean, but her father disapproved of the union.

James Armour destroyed the “certificate of informal marriage agreement” between Robert and Jean and he removed his daughter to Paisley to prevent a local scandal. However, word had spread and the Mauchline Kirk recalled her on 10th June 1786 to admit that she was unmarried and pregnant and to confirm the father’s name. Burns was called by the Mauchline Kirk on 25th June 1786 and admitted his part in the affair.

His letters from this period indicate that he intended to marry Jean Armour as soon as they realized she was pregnant, but had been discouraged by her reluctance to disobey her father. By this time Burns was romantically involved with ‘Highland’ Mary Campbell and she was also pregnant. They were considering a move to Jamaica. The emigration fell through and Mary died in October 1786 before she could give birth.

Believing he had been abandoned by Jean Armour, he set about having himself declared single. Jean’s father, James Armour issued a warrant against him and Burns went into hiding.

Jean remained with her parents in the village of Mauchline, Robert was hiding out at the farm at Mossgiel. The couple continued to live apart even after the birth of their twins Robert and Jean, born 3rd September 1786. Following the success of The Kilmarnock Edition, Burns temporarily moved to Edinburgh. He returned intermittently to Mauchline, during which time Jean became pregnant again.

When Burns returned permanently on 23rd February 1788 he found Jean was destitute and had been expelled from the family home. They reconciled their relationship, and Burns found her a place to stay. On 3rd March 1788 she went into labour and delivered a second set of twins, two girls, one of whom died on 10 March 1788, the other on 22nd March 1788.

In the light of Burns’s new-found celebrity as a poet, James Armour relented and allowed his daughter to be married to him. Although their marriage was registered on 5th August 1788 in Mauchline, the parish records describe them as having been “irregularly married some years ago”. She and Burns moved to Ellisland Farm where they stayed until 1791 when they moved to Dumfries, where both would live for the rest of their lives. Jean Armour and Robert Burns had nine children together (he had at least another four by other women), the last of whom was born on the day of his funeral in July 1796.

Her widowhood and the straitened circumstances she found herself in after Burns’s death attracted national attention and a charitable fund was collected for her and the children. She survived her husband by 38 years, and lived to see his name become celebrated throughout the world. Twenty years after his death, his fame had reached such a point that his remains were removed from their modest grave in St Michael’s Kirkyard, Dumfries, and placed in a specially commissioned mausoleum. Here, Jean Armour was buried when she died in 1834. Statues of Jean were erected in Mauchline in 2002, and in Dumfries, opposite St Michael’s Kirk, in 2004.

There was a lass, and she was fair, At kirk or market to be seen; When a’ our fairest maids were met, The fairest maid was bonie Jean. And aye she wrought her mammie’s wark, And aye she sang sae merrilie; The blythest bird upon the bush Had ne'er a lighter heart than she. But hawks will rob the tender joys That bless the little lintwhite’s nest; And frost will blight the fairest flowers, And love will break the soundest rest. Young Robie was the brawest lad, The flower and pride of a’ the glen; And he had owsen, sheep, and kye, And wanton naigies nine or ten. He gaed wi’ Jeanie to the tryste, He danc’d wi’ Jeanie on the down; And, lang ere witless Jeanie wist, Her heart was tint, her peace was stown! As in the bosom of the stream, The moon-beam dwells at dewy e'en; So trembling, pure, was tender love Within the breast of bonie Jean. And now she works her mammie’s wark, And aye she sighs wi’ care and pain; Yet wist na what her ail might be, Or what wad make her weel again. But did na Jeanie’s heart loup light, And didna joy blink in her e'e, As Robie tauld a tale o’ love Ae e'ening on the lily lea? The sun was sinking in the west, The birds sang sweet in ilka grove; His cheek to hers he fondly laid, And whisper’d thus his tale o’ love: “O Jeanie fair, I lo'e thee dear; O canst thou think to fancy me, Or wilt thou leave thy mammie’s cot, And learn to tent the farms wi’ me? “At barn or byre thou shalt na drudge, Or naething else to trouble thee; But stray amang the heather-bells, And tent the waving corn wi’ me.” Now what could artless Jeanie do? She had nae will to say him na: At length she blush’d a sweet consent, And love was aye between them twa.

[fascinatingeurope]

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 📷 The Robert Burns National Monument in Mauchline (Scottish Gaelic: Maghlinn), designed by William Fraser - a vintage photochrom print from the 1890s. Digitally enhanced to compensate for fading.

Robert Burns is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland. He's best known for his works in the Scots language, but he also wrote in English.

[vox-anglosphere]

The Ballochmyle Viaduct over the River Ayr - Mauchline, Scotland

[mostly-history]

National Burns Memorial (Mauchline, Scotland,c. 1890 - c. 1900).

[scotianostra]

February 25th 1765 saw the birth of Jean Armour, “Belle of Mauchline” and wife to our National Bard Robert Burns.

For all his philandering ways when he was a young lad there can be no doubt that Robert Burns loved his wife, Jean was second oldest of the eleven children of stonemason James Armour and Mary Smith. She met Robert Burns on a “drying green” in Mauchline around 1784 when she chased his dog away from her laundry. According to Armour’s testimony in 1827, she met Burns again at a local dance and she “fell acquainted” with him.

Jean became pregnant with twins early in 1786. Her announcement, in March 1786, that she was expecting Robert Burns’ twins caused her father to be “in the greatest distress, and [he] fainted away”. Burns signed a paper attesting his intent to marry Jean, but her father disapproved of the union.

James Armour destroyed the “certificate of informal marriage agreement” between Robert and Jean and he removed his daughter to Paisley to prevent a local scandal. However, word had spread and the Mauchline Kirk recalled her on 10th June 1786 to admit that she was unmarried and pregnant and to confirm the father’s name. Burns was called by the Mauchline Kirk on 25th June 1786 and admitted his part in the affair.

His letters from this period indicate that he intended to marry Jean Armour as soon as they realized she was pregnant, but had been discouraged by her reluctance to disobey her father. By this time Burns was romantically involved with ‘Highland’ Mary Campbell and she was also pregnant. They were considering a move to Jamaica. The emigration fell through and Mary died in October 1786 before she could give birth.

Believing he had been abandoned by Jean Armour, he set about having himself declared single. Jean’s father, James Armour issued a warrant against him and Burns went into hiding.

Jean remained with her parents in the village of Mauchline, Robert was hiding out at the farm at Mossgiel. The couple continued to live apart even after the birth of their twins Robert and Jean, born 3rd September 1786. Following the success of The Kilmarnock Edition, Burns temporarily moved to Edinburgh. He returned intermittently to Mauchline, during which time Jean became pregnant again.

When Burns returned permanently on 23rd February 1788 he found Jean was destitute and had been expelled from the family home. They reconciled their relationship, and Burns found her a place to stay. On 3rd March 1788 she went into labour and delivered a second set of twins, two girls, one of whom died on 10 March 1788, the other on 22nd March 1788.

In the light of Burns’s new-found celebrity as a poet, James Armour relented and allowed his daughter to be married to him. Although their marriage was registered on 5th August 1788 in Mauchline, the parish records describe them as having been “irregularly married some years ago”. She and Burns moved to Ellisland Farm where they stayed until 1791 when they moved to Dumfries, where both would live for the rest of their lives. Jean Armour and Robert Burns had nine children together (he had at least another four by other women), the last of whom was born on the day of his funeral in July 1796.

Her widowhood and the straitened circumstances she found herself in after Burns’s death attracted national attention and a charitable fund was collected for her and the children. She survived her husband by 38 years, and lived to see his name become celebrated throughout the world. Twenty years after his death, his fame had reached such a point that his remains were removed from their modest grave in St Michael’s Kirkyard, Dumfries, and placed in a specially commissioned mausoleum. Here, Jean Armour was buried when she died in 1834. Statues of Jean were erected in Mauchline in 2002, and in Dumfries, opposite St Michael’s Kirk, in 2004.

There are many references to Jean in Burns’ poems, but the most famous is Bonie Jean.

There was a lass, and she was fair,

At kirk or market to be seen;

When a’ our fairest maids were met,

The fairest maid was bonie Jean.

And aye she wrought her mammie’s wark,

And aye she sang sae merrilie;

The blythest bird upon the bush

Had ne'er a lighter heart than she.

But hawks will rob the tender joys

That bless the little lintwhite’s nest;

And frost will blight the fairest flowers,

And love will break the soundest rest.

Young Robie was the brawest lad,

The flower and pride of a’ the glen;

And he had owsen, sheep, and kye,

And wanton naigies nine or ten.

He gaed wi’ Jeanie to the tryste,

He danc’d wi’ Jeanie on the down;

And, lang ere witless Jeanie wist,

Her heart was tint, her peace was stown!

As in the bosom of the stream,

The moon-beam dwells at dewy e'en;

So trembling, pure, was tender love

Within the breast of bonie Jean.

And now she works her mammie’s wark,

And aye she sighs wi’ care and pain;

Yet wist na what her ail might be,

Or what wad make her weel again.

But did na Jeanie’s heart loup light,

And didna joy blink in her e'e,

As Robie tauld a tale o’ love

Ae e'ening on the lily lea?

The sun was sinking in the west,

The birds sang sweet in ilka grove;

His cheek to hers he fondly laid,

And whisper’d thus his tale o’ love:

“O Jeanie fair, I lo'e thee dear;

O canst thou think to fancy me,

Or wilt thou leave thy mammie’s cot,

And learn to tent the farms wi’ me?

"At barn or byre thou shalt na drudge,

Or naething else to trouble thee;

But stray amang the heather-bells,

And tent the waving corn wi’ me.”

Now what could artless Jeanie do?

She had nae will to say him na:

At length she blush’d a sweet consent,

And love was aye between them twa.

[scotianostra]

On March 26th 1834 Jean Armour, wife of Robert Burns, died.

For all his philandering ways when he was a young lad there can be no doubt that Robert Burns loved his wife, Jean was second oldest of the eleven children of stonemason James Armour and Mary Smith. She met Robert Burns on a “drying green” in Mauchline around 1784 when she chased his dog away from her laundry. According to Armour’s testimony in 1827, she met Burns again at a local dance and she “fell acquainted” with him.

Jean became pregnant with twins early in 1786. Her announcement, in March 1786, that she was expecting Robert Burns’ twins caused her father to be “in the greatest distress, and [he] fainted away”. Burns signed a paper attesting his intent to marry Jean, but her father disapproved of the union.

James Armour destroyed the “certificate of informal marriage agreement” between Robert and Jean and he removed his daughter to Paisley to prevent a local scandal. However, word had spread and the Mauchline Kirk recalled her on 10 June 1786 to admit that she was unmarried and pregnant and to confirm the father’s name. Burns was called by the Mauchline Kirk on 25 June 1786 and admitted his part in the affair.

His letters from this period indicate that he intended to marry Jean Armour as soon as they realised she was pregnant, but had been discouraged by her reluctance to disobey her father. By this time Burns was romantically involved with ‘Highland’ Mary Campbell and she was also pregnant. They were considering a move to Jamaica. The emigration fell through and Mary died in October 1786 before she could give birth.

Believing he had been abandoned by Jean Armour, he set about having himself declared single. Jean’s father, James Armour issued a warrant against him and Burns went into hiding.

Jean remained with her parents in the village of Mauchline, Robert was hiding out at the farm at Mossgiel. The couple continued to live apart even after the birth of their twins Robert and Jean, born 3 September 1786. Following the success of The Kilmarnock Edition, Burns temporarily moved to Edinburgh. He returned intermittently to Mauchline, during which time Jean became pregnant again.

When Burns returned permanently on 23 February 1788 he found Jean was destitute and had been expelled from the family home. They reconciled their relationship, and Burns found her a place to stay. On 3 March 1788 she went into labour and delivered a second set of twins, two girls, one of whom died on 10 March 1788, the other on 22 March 1788.

In the light of Burns’s new-found celebrity as a poet, James Armour relented and allowed his daughter to be married to him. Although their marriage was registered on 5 August 1788 in Mauchline, the parish records describe them as having been “irregularly married some years ago”. She and Burns moved to Ellisland Farm where they stayed until 1791 when they moved to Dumfries, where both would live for the rest of their lives.

Jean Armour and Robert Burns had nine children together (he had at least another four by other women), the last of whom was born on the day of his funeral in July 1796.

Her widowhood and the straitened circumstances she found herself in after Burns’s death attracted national attention and a charitable fund was collected for her and the children. She survived her husband by 38 years, and lived to see his name become celebrated throughout the world. Twenty years after his death, his fame had reached such a point that his remains were removed from their modest grave in St Michael’s Kirkyard, Dumfries, and placed in a specially commissioned mausoleum. Here, Jean Armour was buried when she died in 1834. Statues of Jean were erected in Mauchline in 2002, and in Dumfries, opposite St Michael’s Kirk, in 2004.

Burns wrote in all 14 songs commonly associated with Jean. Of these, by far the greatest is 'Of a’ the Airts the Wind can Blaw’, of which Burns said, 'The air is by Marshall; the song I composed out of compliment to Mrs Burns’, The song first appeared in 1790 in the Scots Musical Museum. The air first appeared as 'Miss Admiral Gordon’s Strathspey’ in William Marshall’s Collection of Reels, in 1781.

Of a’ the airts the wind can blaw, I dearly like the west, For there the bonie lassie lives, The lassie I lo'e best:

There’s wild-woods grow, and rivers row, And mony a hill between: But day and night my fancys’ flight Is ever wi’ my Jean.

I see her in the dewy flowers, I see her sweet and fair: I hear her in the tunefu’ birds, I hear her charm the air: There’s not a bonie flower that springs, By fountain, shaw, or green; There’s not a bonie bird that sings, But minds me o’ my Jean.

[mostly-history]

Ballochmyle Viaduct (Mauchline, Scotland,c. 1890 - c. 1900).