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Determining axis of EKG (isoelectric method) practice tracings

[nakeya52]

Therapuetic modalities of prolactinoma and acromegaly difference #medicine #medicalmnemonics #usmle #mbbs #medical #medicalstudent #medicalstudent #medicowesome #neet #pgcet #mrcp #internalmedicine #ABIM #internalmedicineresidency #internalmedicineresident #endocrinology #medicalinspiration #studygram #studymotivation #studywithme #studynotes #medblr https://www.instagram.com/p/CeRtQVluUUI/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[nakeya52]

Throwback to 2010 when I was just starting to study anatomy... #medicine #medicalmnemonics #usmle #mbbs #medical #medicalstudent #medicalstudent #medicowesome #anatomy #neet #pgcet #mrcp #dontquit https://www.instagram.com/p/CS8UmkAstr_/?utm_medium=tumblr

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Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19

Hi everyone...

Virus infections are the most common cause of myocarditis. The previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-1 was associated with tachyarrhythmias, signs, and symptoms of heart failure.

Let's learn about SARS-CoV-2:

COVID-19 patients who died had higher levels of troponin, myoglobin, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and IL-6.

This is because of the high inflammatory burden in COVID-19.

Let’s find out and understand about CVS complications by COVID-19:

Mainly, vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias

The possible late phenomenon of the viral respiratory infection

Commonly observed in severe cases

Strongly associated with mortality

Cardiac MRI Findings in COVID-19:

⬆️ Wall thickness with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis (especially in the apical segments)

Severe LV dysfunction (LVEF < 35%)

Circumferential pericardial effusion ( notable around the right chambers)

Short tau inversion recovery and T2-mapping sequences:

Marked biventricular myocardial interstitial edema

Diffuse late gadolinium enhancement involving the entire biventricular wall

CVS complications as an important prognostic factor:

Patients who have high troponin levels showed a higher incidence of complications such as

ARDS

Malignant arrhythmias

Acute renal injury

Acute coagulopathy

Lastly, what are the major risk factors for COVID-19 mortality?

advanced age (>60 years)

male sex

Strong and independent risk factors:

the presence of comorbidities ( HTN, coronary artery disease)

cardiac injury, myocarditis, and ARDS

Thank you,

Written by Drashtant

References:

Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, et al. Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. Published online March 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096

Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. JAMA Cardiol. Published online March 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286

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Was SARS-CoV-2 genetically engineered for biological warfare? 

 An article published in Nature Medicine noted that it is improbable that SARS-CoV-2 emerged through laboratory manipulation of a related SARS-CoV-like coronavirus. This article disproves most conspiracy theories about the artificial origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. I am going to try to explain what the article says in simplified terms but you need to have some background in biochemistry to understand what it says. Let's begin! What helps the coronavirus genome infect humans? The ability to bind to human receptors using the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The RBD in the spike protein is the most variable part of the coronavirus genome. It determines which species the virus will infect. What makes the SARS-CoV-2 virus so infectious? SARS-CoV-2 seems to have an RBD that binds with high affinity to ACE2 from humans, ferrets, cats and other species with high receptor homology. Which amino acids are crucial in the RBD? Previous studies have shown that six RBD amino acids have been shown to be critical for binding to ACE2 receptors and for determining the host range of SARS-CoV-like viruses. What is different about the RBD of SARS-CoV-2? Five of these six residues differ between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. If the virus was lab-made, how would it be made? Changing nucleic acid sequences of several known coronaviruses and testing their infectivity using reverse genetics. Why do we know it is not genetically engineered? Because the genetic data for SARS-CoV-2 is so different that it irrefutably shows that the virus is not derived from any previously used virus backbone. You can read more here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9 That's all! -IkaN Reference: Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I. et al. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9

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COVID-19: Pathophysiology and microbiology https://www.medicowesome.com/2020/03/covid-19-pathophysiology-and.html

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Which drugs are you using at your hospital for COVID-19?

COVID-19: Summary of drugs that are under investigation for use as potential treatment options https://www.medicowesome.com/2020/03/covid-19-summary-of-drugs-that-are.html