I recently read the first of Michael Arnold’s four (as of 2017) books on the evolutionary significance of hybridization and other horizontal gene transfer processes (collectively “reticulate evolution”), Natural Hybridization and Evolution (review here).
Now I’ve started on the second one, Evolution Through Genetic Exchange, which not only features significantly updated references to field studies (it was written almost a decade later), but also adds to the previous book’s discussion of plant and animal hybrids some discussion of horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotes and mediated by viruses.
There’s also a chapter on the significance of these processes to human evolution and history, including inter-hominin introgression, human-relevant pathogens, and agriculture. The third of Arnold’s four books, which I intend to read as soon as I’m done with this one, is particularly focused on these anthropocentric consequences of reticulate evolutionary events.
There’s a particularly nice example of animal reticulation in the very first chapter, involving Darwin’s finches. Rosemary and Peter Grant (who have continued to study Darwin’s finches in detail, see e.g. this paper) found that first-generation hybrids between the medium ground finch and small ground finch displayed very low fitness relative to their parent species in the years (1976-1981) leading up to the 1982–83 El Niño event, and slightly higher fitness than their parents in the subsequent years (1983-1987) [pdf].
This is a paradigmatic scenario: hybrids rarely outcompete their parent species in either parental environment, but can flourish when their inherently higher genetic variability allows them to take advantage of a new niche - either because they can spread to an adjacent environment that their parents cannot survive in (e.g. the natural hybrid sunflower Helianthus paradoxus, which tolerates salt better than either parent), or because the parental environment itself has been disturbed by a weather event (such as El Niño in the above example) or climate change.