#mohenjo-daro

[whencyclopedia]

Secrets of the Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing around 7000 to 600 BCE, is one of the world’s oldest yet least understood ancient cultures. Though older than ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was only discovered in 1829. Scholars now recognize that many early “firsts” of civilization likely originated here in modern-day India.

Unlike other ancient civilizations with deciphered writings, the Indus Script remains undeciphered, leaving much of their society a mystery. Our knowledge relies on excavated ruins and artifacts, particularly from major sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, which housed tens of thousands of people at their peak.

Key Facts

The civilization thrived from about 7000 to 600 BCE.

Also called the Harappan or Indus-Sarasvati Civilization.

Rediscovered in 1829, long after Egyptian and Mesopotamian sites.

The Indus Script remains undeciphered, unlike hieroglyphs or cuneiform.

Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-daro with populations of 40,000-50,000.

Artifacts and architecture provide main clues about their daily life and culture.

Historical Context

This civilization existed contemporaneously with early Egypt and Mesopotamia but was identified much later. It covered regions of what is now Pakistan and northwest India, developing advanced urban planning, drainage, and craftmanship well before many other cultures.

Historical Significance

The Indus Valley Civilization challenges earlier assumptions about the “first” complex societies. It reveals an advanced, urban culture with sophisticated cities predating many known ancient civilizations. Its undeciphered script continues to puzzle historians and archaeologists, keeping its full story just out of reach, but its material legacy influences understanding of South Asian history.

Learn More: A Gallery of the Indus Valley Civilization

[basicallyanotherwitchesthing]

Il Giornale dei Misteri - Anno X - N. 108 - Corrado Tedeschi - 1970 (cover illustration by S. Debbas)

[lindahall]

Ernest Mackay – Scientist of the Day

Ernest John Henry Mackay, an English archaeologist, died Oct. 2, 1943, at age 63. 

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[rabaloch786]

Mohenjo-daro is an archaeological site in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Built c. 2500 BC,Like a wonder in the World

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[dailyunsolvedmysteries]

Lost City of Mohenjo-Daro

In the 1920s, the discovery of ancient cities at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa in Pakistan gave the first clue to the existence more than 4,000 years ago of a civilization in the Indus Valley to rival those known in Egypt and Mesopotamia. These cities demonstrated an exceptional level of civic planning and amenities.

However, in contrast to the well-appointed houses and clean streets, the uppermost levels at Mohenjo Daro contained squalid makeshift dwellings, a careless intermingling of residential and industrial activity and, most significantly, a series of more than 40 sprawled skeletons lying scattered in streets and houses. 

In a room with a public well in one area of the city were found the skeletons of two individuals who appeared desperately to have been using their last scraps of energy to crawl up the stair leading from the room to the street; the tumbled remains of two others lay nearby. Elsewhere in the area the ‘strangely contorted’ and incomplete remains of nine individuals were found, possibly thrown into a rough pit. In a lane between two houses in another area, another six skeletons were loosely covered with earth. Numerous other skeletons were found within layers of rubble, ash, and debris, or lying in streets in contorted positions that suggested the agonies of violent death.

The remains of these individuals led many archaeologists at the time to conclude that these people all died by violence. Sir Mortimer Wheeler, who excavated at Mohenjo Daro in 1950s, believed they were victims of a single massacre.  However, many of his claims simply did not add up. There was no evidence that the skeletons belonged to ‘defenders of the city’ as no weapons were found and the skeletons contained no evidence of violent injuries. Some archaeologists suggested that the influx of Indo-Aryan people occurred after the decline of the Indus civilization, while others questioned whether an Indo-Aryan invasion of the subcontinent even took place at all.

There exist a growing number of ‘alternative archaeologists’ and researchers who have not settled for theories that do not satisfactorily explain the conditions of the skeletal remains and who have sought other explanations.

One such individual is David Davenport, British Indian researcher, who spent 12 years studying ancient Hindu scripts and evidence at the site where the great city once stood. In his book Atomic Destruction in 2000 B.C. he reveals some startling findings: the objects found at the site appeared to be fused, glassified by a heat as high as 1500°C, followed by a sudden cooling. Within the city itself there appeared to be an ‘epicenter’ about 50 yards wide, within which everything was crystallized, fused, or melted, and 60 yards from the center the bricks are melted on one side indicating a blast.

In his book Riddles of Ancient History , A. Gorbovsky reported the discovery of at least one human skeleton in the area with a level of radioactivity approximately 50 times greater than it should have been due to natural radiation. Davenport claimed that what was found at Mohenjo Daro corresponded exactly to what was seen at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

Since there was no indication of a volcanic eruption at Mohenjo-Daro, or another disaster that could explain such features, Davenport suggested that the ancient city and its last inhabitants were obliterated by a blast from an ancient weapon, likened to an atomic bomb . 

[monkeyandelf]

I am Death, the Destroyer of Worlds, bringing death to all living things: Chronicles of a prehistoric nuclear apocalypse

A few people doubt that at the turn of the XXV-XXX millennia BC, a war with the use of nuclear weapons raged on our planet. This is confirmed both in the ancient Indian texts "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata", and scars in the form of funnels from explosions of nuclear warheads on the surface of the Earth.

There are more than a hundred craters with a diameter of 2 to 3 kilometers, whose age is 25-35 thousand years, as well as two huge craters, the age of which also fits into this time interval.

The first is located in South America and its diameter is 40 kilometers, the second is found in South Africa with a diameter of 120 kilometers. One of the largest battles of that war with the use of nuclear weapons took place in the territories of today's India and Pakistan.

Then this was part of the Rama empire. As a result of archaeological excavations at the site of the capital of the vanished empire, Mohenjo-Daro, human skeletons were found with traces of radioactive damage and sand baked to glass, exactly like that found in modern nuclear test sites.

There are two versions of the nuclear apocalypse that happened in the Earth's past. In the first case, the Asuras and reptilians, aliens from outer space, fought. Asuras lost the war and tried to hide in their underground shelters.

However, earthquakes and floods caused by a nuclear cataclysm on a planetary scale destroyed their underground cities and forced them to rise to the surface again. There, the invaders who colonized the Earth were already waiting for them, and the Asura race practically ceased to exist.

In the second case, the conflict allegedly took place between the Atlanteans (Aswins) and the Lemurians, representatives of the Rama empire. As a result of nuclear bombardments by the Atlanteans, which they carried out from their aircraft - vimanas, the Rama empire was almost completely wiped off the face of the Earth.

This is how it is described in the Mahabharata epic: “In all its splendor, red-hot columns of smoke rose and flames brighter than ten thousand suns ... the corpses burned beyond recognition. The survivors lost their nails and hair. The birds are gray. All food became unusable. The soldiers who escaped the fire rushed into the water to wash away the ashes ... ".

On the face are all signs of radiation sickness in survivors and radiation contamination of animals and food. Given that the surviving soldiers rushed to wash off the radioactive ash, the Lemurians were well aware of the concept of "radiation". Also, do not forget that traces of nuclear bombings were found on different continents of our planet.

This is explained quite simply. The Lemurians also had their own air fleet, consisting of vimanas. It can also be assumed that they also possessed nuclear weapons and nothing could prevent them from using it on the territory of the Atlantean empire as a weapon of retaliation.

And what happened in the end? According to the ancient texts, after the completion of the bombing, the whole planet was raining radioactive rain for three days and three nights. This event is mentioned by almost all the peoples of the world, including in the legends of the Maya, the people of the Far North and the Australian Aborigines. And a little later, the Great Flood happened. The earth, as best it could, washes away traces of radiation contamination.

It is possible to treat this kind of information in different ways, but there are definitely all the prerequisites for the fact that the Earth was already once subjected to the destructive effects of nuclear weapons. 

And it seems that it is no longer so important who and with whom then fought, given that at present we do not see either Asuras, or Reptilians, or Atlanteans with Lemurians on the streets of our cities. Apparently, in the end, it is impossible to win a nuclear war. Read the full article

[efikeff]

Dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro, Indus Valley Civilisation, city of Mohenjo-daro (modern-day Pakistan) c. 2300–1750 BCE, bronze ,made in lost-wax casting method, 10.5 × 5 cm, National Museum, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

[historical-nonfiction]

Is This A One-Horned Bull, Or A Unicorn?

An undeciphered Indus River Valley seal with an animal underneath six symbols. It was found at the city of Lothal, and dates to about 2700 BCE. National Museum - New Delhi.