Discover Top Posts Tagged with #neuroprotective

a lesson in media literacy and statistics, perhaps

#smoking #parkinsons #alzheimers #dementia #neuroprotective

Juniperus communis, the common juniper,

Baie de Genévrier, Common Juniper, Common Juniper Berry, Enebro, Extract of Juniper, Extrait de Genévrier, Genévrier, Ginepro,Huile de Genévrier, Juniper Berry, Juniperi Fructus, Juniperus communis, Oil of Juniper, Wacholderbeeren, Zimbro, Enbär, Jeneverbes,

“is a species of conifer in the genus Juniperus, in the family Cupressaceae. It has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa.

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings.

In Scandinavia, however, juniper wood is used for making containers for storing small quantities of dairy products such as butter and cheese, and also for making wooden butter knives .

Various decorative items (often eating utensils) are common in most Estonian handicraft shops and households.

Its astringent blue-black seed cones, commonly known as “juniper berries”, are too bitter to eat raw and are usually sold dried and used to flavour meats, sauces, and stuffings. They are generally crushed before use to release their flavour. Since juniper berries have a strong taste, they should be used sparingly. They are generally used to enhance meat with a strong flavour, such as game, including game birds, or tongue.

The cones are used to flavour certain beers and gin (the word “gin” derives from an Old French word meaning “juniper”). In Finland, juniper is used as a key ingredient in making sahti, a traditional Finnish ale. Also the Slovak alcoholic beverage Borovička and Dutch Genever are flavoured with juniper berry or its extract.

Juniper is used in the traditional farmhouse ales of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, and Latvia. In Norway, the beer is brewed with juniper infusion instead of water, while in the other countries the juniper twigs are mainly used in the mash, as filters to prevent the crushed malts from clogging the outlet of the mashing tun.

Juniper berries have long been used as medicine by many cultures including the Navajo people. Western American tribes combined the berries of Juniperus communis with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea. Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive.”

Note of caution: Juniper berry might affect blood pressure and could make blood pressure control more difficult.

It’s UNSAFE to use juniper if you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant

Antioxidant *see research link PMC4665443/ , 19580284, /26784665 , 28216892

Contains Alpha-pinene which acts as an airway-dilator and is highly bioavailable with 60% human pulmonary uptake, is antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory (handy for people with asthma and respiratory problems/infections) and Sabinene which gives it its spiciness *see research link 17230365 & wiki links Alpha-Pinene , Sabinene

Antibacterial against tuberculosis bacteria/strains (excerpt from research:” J. communis essential oils interfere with the starting phases of biofilm production, as well as with mature biofilms. The results of this study reveal new relevant perspectives for a complementary inhalatory treatment of chronic and/or recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. “) *see research link 16375831, 23774975 , 13680821/ , 19772344

Antifungal *see research link 16375831

Anticancer properties *see research link 24913660

Tick repellent against the lone star tick , and the blacklegged tick *see research link /22129397

Mosquito repellent against Ae.aegypti (excerpt from research:” oil of J. communis had a Minimum Effective Dosage (estimate of ED(99) ) for repellency of 0.029 ± 0.018 mg/cm(2) ; this oil was nearly as potent as DEET. “) *see research link 22129397

Lowers blood sugar levels *see research link 8073081

Contains * beta-caryophyllene which has painkilling ,neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant and anti-alcoholism activity and also clicks onto our cannabinoid receptor *the needle oil *see research link 21104523 and wiki link Caryophyllene

Liver protective and damage reducing *see research link 28216892

Contains Limonene aka dipentene which has gall bladder stone dissolving properties *see research link /PMC4665443/ , 1988264

Research and tips on Juniperus communis:

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One Step Closer to Finding Out How Wine May Protect Your Neurons

Let there be no misunderstanding: heavy alcohol intake has severe harmful effects. But, for several years, researchers have been finding that moderate wine intake can be beneficial in delaying the onset of cognitive impairments associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.

Dr. Esteban-Fernández from the Institute of Food Science Research in Madrid and her colleagues have been investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of wine, recently published in Frontiers in Nutrition.

Instead of investigating wine directly, they studied the compounds that are left after the wine has passed through the gut: the so-called wine-derived human gut metabolites. They selected some of these metabolites based on their presence in the urine and feces of people consuming wine on a regular and moderate basis. To explore the neuronal effect of these compounds, they added them to human cells under stress conditions that normally lead to neuronal cell dysfunction and death. These conditions are related to the initial stages of some neurodegenerative disorders.

They found that the metabolites are protecting the cells from dying due to the stress conditions. The most striking result, however, was that the metabolites are active at different points in the cell signaling cascade that is leading to this cell death. The exact composition of the wine metabolites is therefore important in the protective neuronal effect. And this composition depends on your gut microbiota composition, as the intestinal flora breaks down the wine into the different metabolites.

“Neuroprotective Effects of Selected Microbial-Derived Phenolic Metabolites and Aroma Compounds from Wine in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells and Their Putative Mechanisms of Action” by A. Esteban-Fernández, C. Rendeiro, J. P. E. Spencer, D. Gigorro del Coso, M. D. González de Llano, B. Bartolomé and imageM. V. Moreno-Arribas in Frontiers in Nutrition. Published online March 14 2017 doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00003

Instead of investigating wine directly, they studied the compounds that are left after the wine has passed through the gut: the so-called wine-derived human gut metabolites. NeuroscienceNews.com image is for illustrative purposes only.

#wine #metabolites #neuroprotective #cell death #biology #science

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Health perspectives of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne.)

Abstract

Licorice (Malthi) has been used for thousands of years worldwide as a medicinal remedy with several pharmacologic properties in antique medicine and as a sweetening agent in food products. It has various health advantages and is used to combat various diseases and symptoms. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the therapeutic effects and health perspectives of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) for safety. It is a significant source of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, iso-flavonoids, triterpene, saponins and glabridin that exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including hepatoprotective, anticular, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activity. Combined use with licorice derivatives and prescription chemotherapy drugs significantly increases the efficacy of anticancer and decreases the side effects of chemotherapy. In addition, glycirizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in licorice have been indicated in drug delivery systems targeted for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment to present liver targeting effects. The licorice extracts controls the inflammation and neurotoxicity that leads to Parkinson’s disease. The results indicates that ethanolic extract of licorice is more active in treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance, reducing obesity and ameliorating hypertension, dyslipidemia and suggest that licorice ethanolic extract are effective in preventing and ameliorating the metabolic syndrome. This review aims to outline the current health outlook and medicinal properties and pathways of extract and gain new perspectives for further research and development in licorice.

Introduction

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne) is a famed plant having medicinal proprties, cultivated in many areas of Southern Europe and Asia. The industrial crop commonly known as licorice which are extracted from the stoloniferous root of licorice plant and are used in herbal products, tobacco flavoring and nutrient industries (Altay et al., 2016). The potassium and calcium salt of glycyrrhizinic acid and glycrrhizin is 50 times sweeter than sucrose and encourages the production of hydrocortisone. Glycyrrhiza consists of 20% starch, up to 6.5% glucose, 2-4% asparagines, 8% fat, resins, mannitol, gum protein, a trace of tannin. Due to its medicinal properties, licorice has been used to control chronic stomach problems like peptic ulcer, arthritis, weight gain issues and psychiatric disorders worldwide (Jain et al., 2016). Scientific proof showed that licorice roots have many therapeutic properties because of the presence of chemical compounds included triterpenes, isoflavonoids and flavonoids (Karkanis et al., 2018).

Triterpenes contain glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GM) that are the most pharmacoactive compounds in licorice extract having antioxidant properties (Pastorino et al., 2018). Licorice contain flavonoids like isoliquiritigenin (ISL), liquiritin (LQ), liquiritigenin and LQ-apioside shows medication, antioxidation, antimicrobial and antiulcer property (Hosseini et al., 2018). It also contains Dehydroglyasperin C (DGC) that is iso-flavonoid gets from the licorice roots facilitate to accelerate detoxification enzymes in hepatic cells (Li et al., 2019). According to many different studies the licorice extract contains refined specific compounds derived from licorice including GA, GM, liquiritigenin and DGC act as a good neuroprotective agents and helps to stops the progress of neurodegenerative syndromes like Alzheimers’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (Petramfar et al., 2020). Licorice additionally contains glabridin which is an isoflavon showed repressive impact on adiopogenesis. In liver glabridin supplements efficiently obstruct high-fat diet induced hepatic steatosis through down regulation of gluconeogenesis related to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6- phosphate (Huang et al., 2017). Licorice roots contain many compounds like flavonoids and iso-flavonoid that play a defensive role against chronic diseases like stroke, cancer and chronary heart diseases. Several complex compounds made up of flavonoids family. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), liquiritigenin, LQ and glabridin are essential flavonoids which are present in licorice (Ahmed et al., 2017).

Health perspectives of licorice Licorice polyphenols show anticancer, antidiabetic and antiobesity property. Triterpenes which are present in licorice roots contain alpha and betaliquiritic acid (GA) as shown in Fig. 1.

Source : Health perspectives of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne.)

#Licorice #Obesity #Hepatoprotective #Diabetes #Neuroprotective