Types of Moisturizers
1. Humectants
Humectants attract water into the epidermis, increasing the water content in the outer layers. When humidity in the atmosphere is higher than 70%, humectants can also attract water from the air into the epidermis. Humectants can be thought of as the cosmetic equivalents of Natural Moisturizing Factors. Most commonly used humectants include glycerin, hyaluronic acid, propylene glycol, sodium PCA, butylene glycol, ammonium lactate, sorbitol, and urea.
2. Occlusives
Occlusives increase the water content of the skin by preventing the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin. These ingredients are often considered “greasy” if applied by themselves, as opposed to in a formulation. Common occlusives include silicone derivatives (cyclomethicone, dimethicone), petroleum by-products (mineral oil, paraffin), animal secretions (beeswax, lanolin), and botanical waxes (candelilla, carnauba, palm kernel, soybean).
3. Emollients
Emollients act as lubricants. They remain in the outer epidermal layer of the skin and help to maintain its soft, smooth, and pliable appearance. Emollients give the skin its caressable feeling. Common emollients include isopropyl palmitate, dimethicone copolyol, avocado strerols, lanolin derivatives, and jojoba oil.
