Informational diagram: How sensory information is processed by the brain
Sensory information is taken in by the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and/or the olfactory lobe.
The lobes send the sensory information to the somatosensory cortex.
The somatosensory cortex sends the information to the thalamus, which connects to the limbic system.
The information is sent to the amygdala, which gives initial/primal reactions to the stimuli.
The amygdala's reactions (including fight or flight response) are sent to the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and the frontal cortex.
The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus, then sends signals for the endocrine system to excrete hormones throughout the body. The frontal cortex sends rationalized information to the motor cortex, which controls voluntary actions.
Source linked below: "Meet Your Master - Getting to Know Your Brain: Crash Course Psychology #4" by Hank Green's Crash Course - February 24th, 2014