It is rare...to find women's groups with an adherence to non-violence and commitment to transformation of the state (be it for increased freedom of expression, democracy, or the end of a military occupation) that explicitly consider and plan against the use of violence by others (the state or nonstate actors). In other words, women activists, similar to ordinary people and peace activists more generally, are not effective at strategizing for worst-case scenarios. Hope for change and a better future is a powerful fuel and motivator, but it is not a strategy for dealing with the reality of communal violence or warfare. Perhaps it goes against human nature; perhaps change comes slowly and anything worse is too difficult to image; or perhaps it is easier to think of the eruption and escalation of violence - the chaos and random attacks; the assault and rape of women; betrayal by a neighbor, school friends, or colleagues - as something that happens to others, in faraway countries. Many a resident of Sarajevo thought so, even as Serbian troops were rampaging across the countryside, just a hundred miles away. Many Iraqis who supported the ouster of Saddam could not fathom a worse situation or believe that sectarianism and criminality would become the norm.