#pharmacologist

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The  pharmacologist James Whyte Black was born on 14 June 1924.

Born in Uddingston, Sir James was one of the worlds outstanding medical scientists, renowned as the developer of beta-blockers, of treatment for ulcers and of other important therapeutic drugs in everyday use around the world. As well as pioneering the beta-blocker, Sir James is credited with developing the first effective non-surgical treatment for stomach ulcers. Blacks drug discoveries arose out of his systematic research on the interactions between certain cell receptors in the body and chemicals in the bloodstream that attach to them. He wanted to find a drug that would relieve angina pectoris, the spasms of intense pain felt in the chest when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen. In 1946 Black graduated with medical degree from the University of St. Andrew's and taught at various universities for the next 10 years.  In 1958 he joined Imperial Chemical Industries as a senior pharmacologist. He was knighted in 1981 and in 2006, in his honour, The University of Dundee built the Sir James Black Centre, a research facility for the investigation of cancer, tropical diseases, and diabetes.

In 1988 Sir James Black was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine  along with George H. Hitchings and Gertrude B. Elion.

Black passed away  on 22nd March 2010, aged 85.

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The  pharmacologist James Whyte Black was born on 14 June 1924, in Uddingston, Lanarkshire.

During his lifetime James Black was involved in the development of two different treatments,  Propranolol, (Inderal) a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and  Cimetidine ( Tagamet), used for heartburn. 

 He attended Beath High School where his teacher persuaded him to take the competitive entrance examination for St Andrews University. An intelligent boy, he managed to earn the Patrick Hamilton Residential Scholarship. Going on to study medicine but decided against a career as a doctor instead going on to lecture at  University College before moving to Singapore and then back to University of Glasgow

It was in Glasgow Blacko built a research laboratory providing the most advanced cardiovascular technology and developed an interest in the effects of the hormone adrenaline on the human heart.

He was persuaded to leave the academic life and joined ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958.  His years with the company led to some extraordinary discoveries in medical science. He collaborated with scientists in his team to develop propranolol which is a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. The discovery of propranolol is considered one of the greatest breakthroughs in the treatment of heart disease.

Along with the development of propranolol, Black was also working on developing a similar method of treatment for stomach ulcers. However, ICI was not interested in pursuing research in this direction. Thus, Black resigned in 1964 and joined Smith, Kline and French, it was with them he developed a new drug called  cimetidine, now you might not have heard of it by that name but the company branded it as Tagamet in 1975, used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers it became the world’s largest-selling prescription drug.

Black was knighted in 1981 and was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine along with Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.”

In 2006 Dundee University honoured him with the opening of the Sir James Black Centre, the following year King’s College London followed Dundee by also opening a centre named after Black.

Black died, aged 85, on the morning of 22 March 2010 after a long illness and is buried at the Ardclach cemetery near Nairn. Upon hearing of Black’s death, Professor Pete Downes, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dundee said Black “was a great scientist, but he was also a great man to know” while the BBC said he was “hailed as one of the great Scottish scientists of the 20th Century”.  He was described by The Daily Telegraph as the man who earned the most for the pharmaceutical industry through his drug development, though he received little personal financial gain from his work.

The pic shows him in his ceremonial robes as  Chancellor of the Dundee University

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Pedanius Dioscorides: The Father of Pharmacy

In the world of medicine and pharmacology, there are few names as revered and influential as Pedanius Dioscorides. Born in the first century AD in the Roman Empire, Dioscorides was a Greek physician and pharmacologist who made a lasting impact on the field with his seminal work, De Materia Medica.

De Materia Medica, written in Greek, was a comprehensive guide to the medicinal properties of plants, animals, and minerals. It was the first work of its kind, providing a detailed account of the various species of plants and their therapeutic uses, as well as information on the preparation and administration of drugs. The book was also notable for its illustrations, which were highly detailed and provided a visual representation of the plants and animals described in the text.

The influence of De Materia Medica can hardly be overstated. It was widely read and used as a reference by practitioners of medicine and pharmacology for over 1,500 years, and its teachings continue to be a foundation for the modern practice of pharmacy. It has been said that Dioscorides' work was the most authoritative and comprehensive pharmacopeia until the 19th century, and it remains a classic to this day.

Dioscorides' legacy extends far beyond the pages of De Materia Medica. He was one of the first people to systematically categorize and describe medicinal plants and their properties, laying the foundation for the study of botany and herbal medicine. He was also one of the first to recognize the importance of standardizing the preparation and administration of drugs, which is critical to ensuring their safety and efficacy.

In the centuries following Dioscorides' death, his teachings continued to shape the development of medicine and pharmacology. Many prominent figures in the history of medicine, including Galen, Pliny the Elder, and Paracelsus, drew upon his work in their own writings and research. His influence can also be seen in the modern practice of pharmacy, where pharmacists are trained in the use of natural medicines and the role they play in healing and maintaining health.

At Cooper Pharma, we are proud to be part of a tradition that traces its roots back to the work of Pedanius Dioscorides. We believe that the study of natural medicines has a critical role to play in promoting health and wellness, and we are committed to advancing this field through our own research and development efforts.

In conclusion, Pedanius Dioscorides was a true visionary, whose teachings have had a lasting impact on the field of medicine and pharmacology. His work serves as a reminder of the importance of the study of natural medicines and their role in promoting health and wellness, and we are honored to continue his legacy in our own work at Cooper Pharma.

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Pharmacologist offers plan to solve disparities in designing medicine

Pharmacologist offers plan to solve disparities in designing medicine

Credit: CC0 Public Domain In a new perspective piece published in the Feb. 5 issue of Science, pharmacologist Namandje Bumpus, Ph.D.—who recently became the first African American woman to head a Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine department, and is the only African American woman leading a pharmacology department in the country—outlines the molecular origins for differences in how well…

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