#pilocene

[blueiscoool]

A Large Specimen of Amber Indonesia

From the Pliocene (5-2 million years ago) the opaque specimen polished to front and reverse faces to reveal swirling layered texture. 141⁄2 x 41⁄4 x 51⁄2in. (37 x 11 x 14cm.).

[scribblesartcollective]

One of California's most famous extinct residents. You can call one of these your own. Many people have been lucky enough to see the giant bones pulled from the La Brea Tar Pits or the statues outside the Page Museum. The Columbian Mammoth was one of the largest species of elephant to walk the Earth. 13 feet at the withers and weighing 10 tons with the most impressive tusks, it would have been a sight to behold. Art by @onioncakes #mammoth #columbianmammoth #mcolumbi #labrea #labreatarpits #pagemuseum #prehistoricmammal #paleoart #elephant #pilocene #pleistocene #woolymammoth #tarpits #fossils #bones #vultureculture #bonecollector #extinct #mammals https://www.instagram.com/p/ChsycKSPgeG/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[sciencenewsforstudents]

Ancient crystal growths in caves reveal seas rose 16 meters in a warmer world

The Pliocene era cave formations on the Spanish coast of Mallorca offer hints about how oceans could respond to human-driven climate change.

The future of sea level rise may be written into the walls of coastal Spanish caves.

Mineral “bathtub rings” deposited inside the limestone Artà Caves on the Balearic island of Mallorca show how high seas rose during the Pliocene Epoch — a time when Earth was about as warm as it’s expected to get by 2100. Those mineral deposits suggest the planet’s seas were around 16 meters higher on average than they are today, researchers report August 30 in Nature.

That measurement provides the most precise peek yet into what may come as climate change causes ice sheets to melt and ocean waters to rise — a process that could happen over hundreds to thousands of years. Previous estimates of Pliocene sea levels gave similar results, but relied on more indirect dating methods or failed to incorporate information about the subsequent rise and fall of the Earth’s crust. The Artà analysis, however, takes that rise and fall into account.

The new study’s combination of precision dating and corrected sea levels also may help answer a crucial question: How much of Earth’s biggest ice sheet melted during the Pliocene? These sea level measurements suggest that, while smaller ice sheets in Greenland and western Antarctica melted severely, only the parts of the massive eastern Antarctic ice sheet that jutted into the sea melted during that era, says Alan Haywood, a paleoclimatologist at Leeds University in England who was not involved in the study. It’s still unclear, however, how today’s unique warming patterns will affect ice sheets.

“Anything that gives us added information on how sensitive the ice sheets are … is going to be very important,” Haywood says.

These aragonite crystals formed 4.39 million years ago inside an overgrowth on a cave feature in the Theater Room in Spain’s Artà Caves. The locations and ages of such growths can help researchers track past sea levels. CREDIT: BOGDAN ONAC

Conditions during the Pliocene, 5.33 million to 2.58 million years ago, may offer the best example of what a human-addled climate will eventually look like (SN: 11/28/17). In the past, paleoclimatologists mainly used two approaches in reconstructing Pliocene sea level changes. One links ratios of two types of oxygen, or isotopes, in fossilized sea creatures to a global record of oxygen ratios and ice sheet cycles. The other uses the ages of ancient coral reefs to estimate ancient sea levels.

For the new study, researchers searched caves for evidence of past sea level change (SN: 4/15/13). “Caves are a very protected environment,” says study coauthor Oana-Alexandra Dumitru, a geochemist at the University of South Florida in Tampa who began collaborating with Mallorcan researchers as a graduate student. “We don’t worry about erosion and other weathering after deposition as much as you would about terrestrial or other records.”

In the 1970s, Mallorcan researchers found aragonite and calcite deposits on stalactites and stalagmites in the Artà Caves. The deposits, called phreatic overgrowths, accumulate over years when brackish seawater laps against the rock. Similar features have been found in coastal caves on the Italian island of Sardinia and in Mexico and Japan. Early dating attempts in the 1990s and 2000s focused on samples only a few hundreds of thousands of years old. But Dumitru and colleagues used a dating method capable of reaching back further in time, comparing ratios of uranium to lead in the minerals, to determine when the much older Pliocene deposits formed.

Delicate stalactites on the ceiling of a coastal cave on the coast of Mallorca, Spain, have some mineral overgrowth from a time when the sea surface was just grazing them. CREDIT: LUCAS LAURSEN

As Earth’s temperatures rose, higher levels of seawater washed into the caves. That rising water left behind mineral deposits at heights from 14.7 to 23.5 meters above today’s sea level, Dumitru’s team found.

One of the lower deposits corresponds with the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period, which lasted from about 3.3 million to 3 million years ago. Global temperatures during that time period were 2 to 3 degrees Celsius warmer than in modern, preindustrial times — and resemble leading forecasts for the year 2100. Global mean sea levels then were 16.2 meters higher than today, Dumitru and colleagues calculate.

The higher of the six mineral deposits studied corresponds to the Pliocene’s warmest period about 4.39 million years ago, when temperatures were about 4 degrees C higher than in preindustrial times. That Artà sample suggests that seas were about 23.5 meters higher than today. “We still may not know exactly how much sea level rose,” Haywood says. But with results like these, “we’re getting more confidence that we’re in the right ballpark.”

[tbatf-callout]

Truthfully, I think at this point we're not going to get a callout acknowledgment. The TBATF team is hoping to just sweep everything under the rug. The only way to even have a hope that this situation gets addressed is through keeping up the pressure. We need to continue bringing attention to the issue and not let up; keep informing people who may be unaware of what's going on. The Crew can only ignore the elephant in the room for so long while everyone else acknowledges it.

^^We feel that's the best thing to do right now. If we sit and do nothing then we’ll get nothing. Now that doesn’t mean go and harass the tbatf/ew crew! But let your friends/groups/servers know about what the tbatf crew done. Our callout post is linked in our description, as well as the suicide baiting proof post. We need to make sure as many people know about this. 

If you don’t want to support the comic for whatever reason- ignore their content. Give them no views, no likes, no reblogs. Make it clear, that we want an explanation/apology for their awful behavior. 

[tiktoks-we-like]

I'd be cool with a Discord server!

heck yeah! I just made one here!

[mosslover65]

Money is just a figment of our collective imaginations

a Imagination is a powerful thing and it can make all sorts of things be like they are real if We all Imagine the same thing its how Im talking to You

[kincringeemporium]

Yes of course show the thing!!

ill just post it in this ask but!!! here you go!

-ryan

[i-m-snek]

An awesome person on the internet who has surprisingly relatable exstistential crises'

Accurate xD