Ptah: Ptah (depicted top left) was a luna God said to be the husband of Bastet or Sekhmet and was thus father of Nefertem and Maahes. Ptah was depicted as a green-skinned pharoah with a crescent and full moon on his head, standing on the symbol for Ma’at and holding a staff crossed with a scepter/ankh and the djed pillar of Osiris, he is also sometimes pictured with a crook and flail. Ptah was often described as self-creating and sometimes credited with creating the universe he also God of craftsmen, metallurgy, sculptors, ship builders and carpenters suggesting that he may be related to Egyptian builder cults. Ptah was also known to be part of a trinity with Osiris and Sobek and was identified with the Apis bull and acted as a herald of Ra. Ptah was also the foundation of Ma’at that the scales rested upon.
Qadesh: Qadesh was a Semitic Goddess sometimes worshiped in ancient Egypt.
Qebehsenuef: Qebehsenuef was a God with the head of a hawk and was one of the four sons of Horus. Qebehsenuef was therefore depicted on canopic jars and was the one in which the Intestines were stored, he was said to be protected by Selket. Qebehsenuef was said to represent the West and was one of the four rudders of heaven or four pillars of Shu.
Ra: Ra (depicted top and central) was the main solar God of Egypt particularly associated with the noon sun. Ra was said to have fathered Shu and Tefnut in some myths and in others he was born from the unfurling of the lotus in the primordial waters of creation. Ra is said to have created Hathor, Sekhmet and Bastet who are all also his consorts and daughters and ultimately one Goddess identified as the “Eye of Ra”. Ra took many forms and was merged with many deities including: Amun, Horus, Atum and Khepri he also had a female counterpart making him an androdgynous being she was known as Raet-Tawy. Ra literally represented the sun and was depicted as the sun, when merged with other deities they were depicted with the sun disc on their heads. Ra was said to travel in two boats across the sky (Nut) these were Mandjet in the morning and Mesektet in the evening. When Ra was upon Mandjet he took the form of a ram and was accompanied by the deities Sia, Hu and Heka. In the evenings Ra was accompanied by other deities such as Seth. Ra was said to battle each night with the serpent God of chaos Apophis and was said to be swallowed and sent to the underworld each night to become one with Osiris and was then reborn victorious in the mornings as Horus - the sun on the horizon (Horus-Risen).
Raet-Tawy: Raet-Tawy was the female aspect of the sun God Ra and may have come to influence later Goddesses such as Hathor.
Rem: Rem (depicted top right) was known as the “tears of Ra” and was a fish God said to fertilize the land with his weeping which then provided vegetation, amphibians and reptiles. Rem was a male counterpart to Hatmehit a fish Goddess known as the “Eye of Ra” this pair may have influenced the star sign of Pisces as they are known to be the two fish protecting the sun Gods boat.
Renenutet: Renenutet was a cobra-headed Goddess often depicted as an aspect of Ma’at with the feather of truth on her head she was said to give the Ren (name) at birth and was mother of Nehebkau who bound the Ba (soul) to the Ka (vital spark). Renenutet was the consort of the Gods Sobek and Geb and was closely associated with both Wadjet and the Nile.
Renpet: Renpet was the Egyptian representation of the year and was the Goddess of time, a kind of zeitgeist known as the “mistress of eternity”.
Satis: Satis was the Goddess of the flooded Nile. Satis was an early war, hunting and fertility deity who was seen as the mother of the Goddess Anuket and a protector of Southern Egypt. One of Satis’s titles was “she who runs like an arrow”, which is thought to refer to the river current and as such her symbols became the arrow and running river. Satis was pictured as a woman wearing the conical crown with gazelle or antelope horns or as an antelope - a fast moving creature that lived along the Niles banks. Satis was often depicted with a bow and arrows however she may also be depicted with an ankh symbolising the life giving powers of the Nile. Satis acted as a fertility Goddess who graunted the wishes of those who sought out love. Satis is also described as offering jars of purifying water. Satis would later be described as a consort of Khnum. Satis is also one of the Goddesses refered to as the “Eye of Ra”.
Sekhmet: Sekhmet (depicted second row and left) is the lioness-headed Goddess of war and wife of Ptah, she was said to be born from the fiery gaze of Ra gaining her title “Eye of Ra” and eventually became Bastet and Hathor. Sekhmet is also described as mother of Nerfertem and Maahes. Sekhmet was a Goddess of fire and vengeance and was known as “arbiter of the divine justice of the Goddess Ma’at”. Sekhmet also held the titles “one before whom evil trembles”, “lady of slaughter”, “mistress of dread” and “lady of the flame”, in these respects she can be seen as an ambivalent force both a protective Goddess against demons and as a force of evil herself. Sekhmet had a close association with blood and was only ever dressed in red likewise she was once sent to end humanity by utilising her powers as eye of Ra only to be tricked into drinking alcahol which pacified her and transformed her into Bastet this story influenced the worship of Sekhmet with rituals involving wine and associating her with the flood Nile when it coloured red with clay and silt. Sekhmet was often depicted with a sun disc and Uraeus on her head while holding a scepter and ankh.
Selket: Selket (depicted second row and central) was a scorpion Goddess sometimes depicted as a scorpion with a womans head, chest and arms and at other times as a woman with a scorpion on her head holding a scepter and ankh. Selket was the Goddess of poison, venom and venomous creatures as well as medicine and was invoked to cure those who were suffering as a result of such things, she was also a fertility Goddess associated with nature and magic. Selket was associated with protection from venomous creatures and thus also from demons and particularly Apophis who she guarded once he was captured and bound. Since venomous bites could lead to death Selket was said to be protector of the dead also and was a consort of Horus and the mother of the four sons of Horus who protected the organs of the dead. Selket was made up of other scorpion Goddesses such as Hedetet and ultimately became synonymous with Isis.
Sheshat: Sheshat or Seshat (depicted second row and right) was a Goddess of scribes and messurment who was acredited with discovering writting and was also a Goddess of architecture, astronomy, astrology, building, mathematics, surveying and cannabis. As a Goddess of architecture and messurements Sheshat likely relates to early Egyptian builder cults. Sheshat is usually depicted holding a palm stem, bearing notches to denote the recording of the passage of time, especially for keeping track of the allotment of time for the life of the pharoah. Sheshat was also depicted holding other tools and often holding the knotted cords that were stretched to survey land and structures. Sheshat is frequently shown dressed in a cheetah or leopard hide - a symbol of funerary priests, the pattern on this hide was thought to represent the stars, being a symbol of eternity and association with the night sky and indicating the need to messure celestial objects and their movements in the workings of astrology. As the divine messurer and scribe, Sheshat was believed to appear to assist the pharoah in both these practices. Sheshat was said to assist the pharoah in the “stretching the cord” ritual, a ritual related to laying out the foundations of temples and other important structures in order to determine and assure the sacred alignments and precision of dimensions of the building. The use of hemp ropes for messurement meant that Sheshat was important in surveying the land after the annual floods to reestablish boundary lines. Sheshat’s priestesses were trained in mathmatics and knowledge related to meassurement and often oversaw the work of the builder cults and slaves used in the building process. Sheshat was also depicted with a seven pointed cannabis leaf on her head this is because of the hemp ropes created for meassurement but also relates to ritual uses of the cannabis plant for example a line in the coffin texts reads “Sheshat opens the doors to heaven for you”. Sheshat was thought to be the daughter and consort of Thoth and an aspect of the Goddess Ma’at, this is drawn from the fact that Ma’at as a set of balance scales is a system of messurement requiring calibration, Sheshat is often depicted near the scales of Ma’at as a plum level or as the Merkhet - a cord and plum-level tool used in ancient Egyptian astrology.
Seth: Seth was born of the union of Nut and Geb and was a brother of Osiris, Isis and Nephthys. Nephthys was the consort of Seth but had the child Anubis with Osiris causing a bitter rivalry between Seth and Osiris and it was Seth who cut Osiris into thirteen pieces and scattered them. Seth represented the barren deserts of the red lands of upper Egypt and was said to be infertile after Horus destroyed his testicles in revenge for Seth scratching out Horus’s left eye. Horus and Seth were said to engage in many competitions for the throne of Egypt with Horus ultimately being the victor. Seth was the God of darkness, chaos, the desert, storms, violence and foreigners he was depicted as a man with the head of an unknown animal known as the “Set”/“Seth” animal however in later works he is depicted as a donkey. Seth as a God of darkness showing the period where the sun went below the horizon at sun-set but accompanied Ra on his solar boat to help fight the chaos God Apophis. Seth was often depicted holding a scepter and ankh.
Shay: Shay was the Egyptian deification of fate not usually assigned a gender and sometimes androdgynous appearing both male and female. Shay has a variety of consorts including Mesnet, Renenutet and Ren. As the deity of fate, it was said that Shay determined the span of each mans life and was present at the judgement of the soul of the deceased in Duat. Shay was sometimes represented as a serpent with the head of a pig.
Shezmu: Shezmu was a demonic God of the underworld sometimes hawk-headed and at other times lion-headed, he was said to wear human skulls as a belt and was a God of execution, oils, perfumes and wines in particular he was said to give red wine to the virtuous dead and to slaughter the unholy dead by forcing them into a wine press to turn their blood into wine, he was connected to Sekhmet from this association but as a God of perfumes and oils he is also connected to Nefertem who was given a similar connotation from the plesant smell of the Egyptian sacred water lily. As a deity of oils Shezmu was closely linked to the embalming process.
Shu: Shu (depicted third row and left) was the God of the air and consort of his sister Tefnut, the pair were both born of Atum and Iusaaset and spawned the sky Goddess Nut and earth God Geb between them. Shu was charged by Ra to uphold the sky Goddess Nut from her brother Geb forbidding the two from further union after the birth of Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys, in this role as the air upholding the sky Shu became associated with a ladder of ascension or ladder to heaven which would parallel in later Kabbalistic symbologies where the tree of life is refered to as “Jacobs Ladder” alongside other mystical ladders in other traditions with the same meaning of ascension thus Shu was titled “he who rises/raises up”, this is further explained since Shu also embodies the feather of truth of weighing scales of Ma’at which granted ascension to any soul whos Ib (heart) weighed equal or less than the feather. Shu was often depicted upholding the sky or with an ankh and scepter and was seen as a duality in the world because he caused the seperation between Nut and Geb.
Sia: Sia was the deification of intellect snd commandment and was part of the trinity of magical deities including his brothers Heka and Hu. Sia was said to accompany Ra alongside Heka and Hu during his day voyage across the sky and was himself a deity of wisdom. The triplets Sia, Heka and Hu were said to be created by Atum from some accounts from the blood of his circumcision or castration (though the later often refers to sacred marriage in occult terminology).
Sobek: Sobek (depicted third row and central) was a military deity who presided over the Nile and its dangerous creatures such as crocodiles or hippopotamuses. Sobek was often depicted with the head of a crocodile or as a crocodile and wore a duel-plummed headress with sun-disc and duel-Uraeus, he was often shown holding a scepter and ankh. Sobek was also a fertility deity and his name means “to impregnate”. Sobek was the son of Khenemu or Seth with his mother being Neith, Sobek was also said to be the consort of Renenutet. Sobek was likely a solar deity at times merged with both Horus and Ra. Sobek was a fierce deity associated with social crimes such as robery and perversions, he was also a deity associated with healing and funerary rites. Sobek was worshiped at crocodilopolis in the form of sacred crocodiles kept in large pools they were interpreted as oracles and were mummified once they died.
Sokar: Sokar was usually depicted as a mummified hawk and sometimes as a mound from which the head of a hawk appeared. Sokar was said to open the tombs and was a guardian of the dead. Sokar was part of a trinity of Gods alongside Osiris and Ptah forming Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. Due to his connection with Ptah, Sokar was also seen as a God of craftsmen and possibly related to ancient builder cults. Sokar was also depicted standing on the back of a serpent with his wings outstretched in an emblem thought to denote resurrection.
Sopdet: Sopdet is the Goddess of the star Sirius which is the brightest star in the night sky, it also forms part of Orions belt with three other stars that in Egyptian times were thought to be Osiris, Isis and Horus, the pyramids of Giza were aligned with them. Sirius rises in the sky at around the same time that the Nile flooded each year this caused Sopdet to be associated with the fertility that the flooded Nile brings as well as with other deities of the Nile. Sopdet was depicted as a woman holding an ankh with a five-pointed star on her head.
Ta-Bitijet: A scorpion Goddess and aspect of Selket who bore the four sons of Horus from her union with Horus. Ta-Bitijet is the “lady of the menstrual blood” as it was written that when Horus penetrated her hymen the blood that flowed forth was a cure for all poisons, this is likely a metaphore for the ritual use of menstrual blood for healing and in sacred marriage rituals.
Tatenen: Tatenen was the personification of the Benben land that rose from the abyss when Atum created it. Tatenen was androdgynous and seen as a protector of nature. Tatenen was seen as the personification of Egypt and as an aspect of Geb. Tatenen wielded a magic mace that was shaped to venerate the hawk or falcon called the “great white of the earth creator” it was used in battles against the chaos God Apophis and may relate to the earlier Sumerian mace Sharur. Tatenen eventually became synonymous with Ptah as the one who had set up the djed pillars of stability in the land of Egypt. Tatenen was also a God of vegetation and fertility and was often depicted as seated with green skin and a pharoahs beard with either a crown or rams horns and a sun disc or with two serpents on his head.
Taweret: Taweret (depicted third row and right) was a protective Goddess of childbirth and fertility shown as a bipedal hippopotamus with cat-like claws, large pregnant belly and human breasts. Taweret was identified as a hippopotamus because the female hippopotamus is so protective of its young. Taweret is sometimes a consort of Seth because the Male hippopotamus was considered a symbol of chaos. Taweret was the main Goddess among a group of Goddesses identified as hippopotamuses who were all likewise deities of childbirth and fertility. Taweret was closely associated with ritual knives and wands made of hippopotamus ivory that were used in magic formulas designed to aid the process of childbirth (possibly early caesereans or for cutting umbilical cords). Taweret was closely associated with the Nile and was said to purify its waters she was also said to purify the dead in their passage through the afterlife making her a Goddess of rejuvenation. Taweret is closely linked to the Goddess Hathor and is often seen as an aspect of her. As a dangerous animal the association between the hippopotamus and Taweret could include the death of children during child birth as well as being used as a powerful image thought to ward off evil spirits that might harm children.
Tayet: Tayet was a Goddess of purification and protection said to weave the bandages used in mummification this connected her to all the funeral deities as well as deities of fate making her a lesser aspect of the Goddess Neith.
Tefnut: Tefnut is the Goddess of rain and moisture and is sister and consort of the air God Shu, she was born of the union of Atum and Iusaaset and went on to spawn the sky Goddess Nut and earth God Geb. Tefnut is often depicted as a lioness-headed Goddess wearing a long wig with a solar disc on her head, she is usually shown seated on a throne holding a scepter, she is sometimes depicted as an androdgynous image that bares the head of both Tefnut and Shu as one being in reference to Hieros Gamos.
Thoth: Thoth (as depicted bottom) was shown to have the head of an ibis or babboon and was a male God of the moon and scribes he was sometimes the consort of Sheshat or Ma’at. Thoth held a position on the boat of the sun God Ra. Thoth was also a God of sciences, alchemy and magic as well as philosophy, religion and wisdom. Thoth was closely associated with the judgement of the dead where he records the judgement of Ma’at against the dead soul. Thoth was often depicted with a crescent moon on his head and a full moon above it, at other times he was depicted with a crown. Thoth also served as a mediating power between good and evil insuring fair judgement between the two. Thoth was said to have produced the calculations for the establishment of the heavens and their celestial bodies and was also said to have directed their movements linking him with astrology.
Unut: An early Egyptian Goddess in the form of a snake whose name means “swiftness” she was also depicted with the lower half of a serpent, the body of a woman and the head of a hare. Unut was associated with moon deities but her specific role is unknown.
Wadjet: Wadjet whose name means “green one” was depicted as a cobra ascending from the third eye of Ra and is closely associated with the Uraeus. Wadjet was also depicted as a two-headed snake-woman, as a snake around the sun-disc and as a woman with a single snake head. Wadjet in the form of the Uraeus is also sometimes depicted crawling up a papyrus staff in a symbol related to the later Greek wand of Aesclepius and Caduceus. Wadjet may also be an Egyptian version of the Ouroboros and potentially signified time. Wadjet likely represents an Egyptian kundalini/serpent energy mystery. Wadjet was the protector of Ra and in some myths was the great serpent which forms the milkyway galaxy and in this role she was closely associated with Hathor, she would later also be co-absorbed into the mythologies of Bastet.
Wepwawet: A war God seen to be the brother or son of Anubis and also like Anubis being represented by either a jackal or wolf, Wepwawet was also a God of hunting and was commonly pictured on the standards of Egyptian soldiers and on the thrones of pharoahs. Wepwawet in the form of the wolf was also depicted on the front of the boat of the sun God, Ra where he acted as a scout seeking out paths gaining him the title “opener of ways” which is also a title of the Goddess Neith who is associated with both Anubis and Wepwawet from her position as a funeral deity, since Wepwawet was the scout of the boat of Ra he was seen as a psychopomp guiding the souls of the dead.
Werethekau: The deification of supernatural powers and thus her name means “great of magic” or “great enchantress”. Werethekau was a Goddess of protection whose image appears on funeral items particularly ivory weapons ment to allow the dead to protect themselves and to assist women in child birth which makes her a greater aspect of Taweret. Werethekau was seen to be the Goddess of the twin crowns of unified Egypt snd as such was represented as serpent or lion headed linking her to Wadjet and Sekhmet respectively likely in reference to the great power of the third eye of Ra to create or destroy. Werethekau is an epitath often bestowed upon Isis and her previous forms such as Mut, Neith, Iusaaset and Hathor.
