“Sometimes I have wondered whether life wouldn’t be much more amusing if we were all devils, no nonsense about angels and being good.” —Dr. Pretorius, “Bride of Frankenstein”
Had the opportunity to rematch some of the Universal Frankenstein movies last week as part of an attempt to immerse myself in Horror this coming Spooky Season. The high 70s temperatures around me do not project a very spooky vibe, though I suppose the thought of global warming is the most frightening thing of all.
I had not realized—watching these movies as a 16 year old egg—how fucking gay they are. James Whale famously kept his homosexuality an open secret in the 20s and 30s, and there is a slight queer edge to the first Frankenstein movie. The queer edge to Bride of Frankenstein is more of a bludgeon.
The plot (and deviations from the original novel) is well known. Baron Henry Frankenstein is holed up in his castle/laboratory working to reanimate life. He succeeds, but the monster is a violent menace. The ostensible reason given by the film is a kind of phrenology where Frankenstein’s hunchbacked assistant accidentally grabs the wrong type of brain: a ‘deviant’ brain from a condemned criminal. In actuality, from the moment the creature can move, he is shown nothing but cruelty by the very man who most ought to show him love. The monster ends up escaping and ostracized from society. At the very time Henry Frankenstein is at his wedding, we see the monster throw a little girl into the water where she drowns. The lonely monster fading back, replaced by a soon to be consummated wedding…the exile from heteroreproductive society. Yes, dear reader, I say it—Frankenstein’s Monster is queer.
Queer in the sense put forth by Lee Edelman. Queer in that he sticks out against the politics of the future. The monster cannot reproduce, he has no mate, he harms children (that he didn’t know what he was doing is never once considered), and in the end he is trapped in a building and burned down by a mob. The shots of Karloff’s monster running panicked amidst the flames exerted a pathos over me that, on my first watch, ten years earlier, I did not feel. To be fair to myself, I was mostly furious at the deviations from the original novel.
If this queer reading seems in any way a stretch I dare the reader to sit through an hour and fifteen minutes of Bride of Frankenstein (Universal Monster movies have in their favor extremely fast and concise pacing). Bride is the missing link between Henry Frankenstein as doomed promethean (Shelley’s novel and the first movie) and the amoralist of the later Hammer films. Dr. Pretorius is the successful seducer here. Ernest Thesiger brings a camp sensibility to the character that fits well in this first horror comedy (which opens with the comical murder of the dead girl’s parents from the first film). Dr. Pretorius almost leers over the baron throughout the film—‘Henry’ he calls him affectionately.
"You think I'm mad. Perhaps I am. But listen, Henry Frankenstein. While you were digging in your graves, piecing together dead tissues, I, my dear pupil, went for my material to the source of life. I grew my creatures, like cultures, grew them as nature does, from seed."
Against the cozy sentimentality of of the Baron's domestic housing, Dr. Pretorius follows asexual nature. He grows his creations; tiny individuals which he keeps all bottled up. There is a King, a Queen, a Priest, and a Devil. All the trappings of religiosity grown and put on a shelf. Grown from cultures, of course, nature—the Divine Sophia—growing, pulsating, producing all on its own. Those lines from Whitman: "Urge and urge and urge, Always the procreant urge of the world"
As a kid, missing all this context, what I most loved was the poignant scene with the blind old man (brilliantly parodied in Mel Brooks’s Young Frankenstein). Finally ,the movie gave the monster a voice, as we watch him stutter out “Made me from dead. I love dead... hate living.” I dare say that the end of the movie, where the monster sacrifices himself to save Henry Frankenstein and his wife, is a disappointment. Our hero escapes the seductions of Pretorius and gets to marry the girl. Ew.
And of course...the Monster's Bride...Elsa Lanchester jerks her head as she looks around like a lizard. Again a very stark, antihumanist look and feel to the whole movie. And even she won't be with the monster.
As a sidenote. The original script had a scene where the monster ran through a graveyard to a crucifix and attempted to remove the body of Christ. That scene was censored for fear of upsetting one’s religious sensibility.