Hi! I recently came across your post about learning to read Chinese for those who would prefer to mainly improve their reading ability to read web novels and such. I loved it cause that’s what I have been looking for. My main goal tbh is to become proficient in reading. I saw you mention some books about learning characters. But I was wondering how did you get to the point of being able to read words as often hanzi alone can’t help with that. I used to struggle with memorising hanzi, but the Alan Hoenig characters book has been super helpful in that area, with the only disadvantage being that the book groups characters according to complexity, and not based on frequency of use. So I’ve been wondering how to improve my actual vocabulary instead of just hanzi recognition. Thanks in advance.
I am so sorry I took a while in responding, I just saw this message in my inbox today!
I am not sure where you are on your learning journey. So I am going to throw out some ideas, please take or leave them as they apply to your situation, or depending on if you find them helpful or not. They might not all be useful for you.
If you don't know enough WORDS yet: focus on studying some whole words. Not just hanzi in isolation. I studied 2000 common Chinese words (in an old Ben Whatley memrise course which no longer exists, so I suggest using either a textbook or premade anki deck - I like Chinese Spoonfed anki deck as it has example sentences and audio). I studied those 2000 common words, a 800 hanzi in a hanzi learning book, and a grammar guide online, all in the first 6 months I learned. I needed to see the hanzi in isolation personally, to read mnemonic stories to remember their meaning and see the components broken down. But I also needed REAL WORDS to associate the hanzi with, because real words were going to be what I'd need to say and read.
I cram studied those 2000 common words - so I went through the flashcard deck as fast as possible, prioritizing only new words (I barely did reviews for the first 2 weeks), 1-2 hours a day until after 2 weeks I'd studied 1000 words. After 2 weeks, I spent the next 2 weeks doing only reviews. Then I took a break, read some graded readers (Mandarin Companion and Rainbow Bridge's easier 150 hanzi-800 hanzi ones), then spent another month cram studying 1000 more common words the first 2 weeks, then review the next 2 weeks. Then went on to continue reading stuff. Reading served as my longer term 'review' since I cannot stick to using flashcards like anki (or memrise) for very long.
So if you don't know 1000-3000 words yet, I suggest also studying words. I personally think Chinese Spoonfed Anki deck works fine, as it has the written form, audio, and they're in sentence examples so you get some reading practice. And it has well over 3000 words. You can also use regular common word lists online or in a textbook. Focus on 1000-3000 common words, as they'll give you a foundation for reading things. You can then read to 'review' the common words you've studied, and the more you read the more those words go from 'vaguely familiar' to 'well known.'
(If for some reason, you felt like doing exactly what I did, this is the online grammar guide I read through in the first 3 months of learning. https://www.hskcourse.com/hsk-grammar-exercises/ I read every grammar exercise on that site - they were all free at the time - I did not answer any questions. Like I usually do, I prioritized reading NEW stuff and getting through the whole thing, to get a 'vague familiarity' with the grammar points that exist. Then later, my review was lots of reading. When I'd read later, and get confused about grammar, I'd look up particular grammar points in AllSetLearning's Chinese Grammar Wiki.
If you struggle to remember the hanzi specifically: I personally really liked this book Tuttle Learning Chinese Characters: (HSK Levels 1 -3) A Revolutionary New Way to Learn and Remember the 800 Most Basic Chinese Characters. This book makes up mnemonic stories, to help with remembering, and their mnemonic stories are special in that they ALSO help you remember the pronunciation and tones of hanzi. Not just the meaning - so I liked this book more than Alan Hoenig's (but I love his book too). I read through this book, a few pages a day, for a few months until I finished it. As is my usual approach, I focused on reading about new hanzi to get a 'vague familiarity' and moving forward in the book, and ignored doing any reviews. Once I finished reading the book, then I read Graded Readers and that was my 'review' of the hanzi. I would occassionally go back to this book for hanzi I was particularly struggling with. This book also includes HSK example words, which overlap with the most common Chinese words, so the vocabulary in this book is a good place to build up some 'vague familiarity' of common words.
Once I had finished reading the Tuttle book, and gotten used to it's part of the mnemonic stories to remember tone and pronunciation, I started making up those mnemonics for new hanzi I'd run into in my 2000 common words studied, and my reading practice. I also used this mnemonics hanzi anki deck (there's a traditional character version too) for a while, but I stopped around 1500 hanzi. Because I struggle to stick to anki/flashcards in general. Also, I think Alan Hoenig's book is about as useful as this mnemonic deck - so if a book works better for you, the book is fine.
If you have studied 500-2000 hanzi, and/or 500 to 2000 common words, but are still struggling to recognize hanzi or words in reading: go practice reading more. Read more. Then some more. Then some more. Read 500,000 characters, and then keep reading. I've read 1.2 million characters, and while I can extensively read now, I could still improve my reading MORE. If you want to be good at reading, read.
Intensively read - look up unknown words, especially if they seem key to understanding the main idea of a paragraph. And extensively read once you can - read things you can understand the main idea of without looking any words up, and try to guess some of the unknown words from context.
Start with Graded Readers. Ideally ones with less unique characters (or less unique words) than the amount you've studied. So for example, in my first 6 months learning Chinese, I read Mandarin Companion Sherlock Holmes 卷发公司的案子 which has 300 unique hanzi. I had cram studied 1000 words, and 800 hanzi, at the point I read it. I had to read it intensively the first time (looking up unknown words, and words I'd forgot, looking up confusing grammar points), then read it extensively the second time (to reinforce and review what I'd looked up in the first read). Then I read Mandarin Companion 地心游记, which has 450 unique characters. I read intensively, then extensively. Over the next few months I read some Rainbow Bridge graded readers, some Sinolingua Graded Readers, all the way up to 1500 unique characters.
I read in Pleco app (I could purchase graded readers inside it, and it has a built in click-translate feature). But there are other tools that provide click-translation you can use. Or you can use a translation app, and type the pinyin in/write the hanzi for words you don't know. Or if you use paper graded readers, they often have a vocabulary glossary you can reference to look up unknown key words.
Eventually I got to the point I could read show Mandarin subtitles, and some manhua and webnovels. I used Readibu or Pleco app to read the webnovels and look words up (nowadays I just hold-click-translate in my phone web browser and use Google Translate - less accurate than Readibu or Pleco's translations though). For shows, I got good at typing the pinyin of what I heard, or handwriting in a hanzi if I heard the pinyin wrong, to look up words. Over time, with lots of reading, all those words and hanzi I was 'vaguely familiar' with became words I knew well.
Check out the Books tab on this spreadsheet for Graded Reader recommendations, and Heavenly Path's Comprehensive Reading Guide, and Heavenly Path's Recommendations rated by difficulty.
When you have gotten a vague familiarity with 1000+ words or 500-1000+ hanzi, start practicing reading. (You can get your vague familiarity however works best for you - anki, a textbook, a word list, or even just brute force looking up words WHILE reading from day one if that's the kind of person you are.) Pleco app is good, especially their Reader add on (I bought it for like 16 dollars). Readibu app is good. Any translation app on your phone is good (I use Google Translate but there's better ones, google's is wrong 20% of the time... better if you put a full sentence in).
Starting with graded readers is easier, but not required.
If you can find Chinese shows with dual English Mandarin subtitles (many youtube dramas have hard Mandarin subs so if you turn on the English subs you can view both versions of the subs), that can be a bit of light reading practice - every once in a while, pause and try to match the words to the translations and figure out why the sentence is translated that way. Also if you can find bilingual texts (like bilinguis.com and Duoreader app) those can be easier things to start with.
Then move onto watching things with only Chinese subs, reading manhua and webnovels, starting with ones with less unique words if you can find that information. (For example, anything on Heavenly Path's Newcomer section of recommendations is going to be easier than reading a Priest novel).
You can brute force start with webnovels if you're motivated, and okay with how fatiguing and hard it will feel at first. I read about someone who read SaYe within 5 months of starting to learn Chinese. So it is possible.
I remember words after 2-20 times of looking them up when reading. So after the initial cram studying to get a 'vague familiarity' with new words and new hanzi, I mostly just read a LOT. I read intensively a lot of stuff I was on the cusp of understanding if I just looked up some stuff - looked up unknown words and grammar that were important for grasping the main idea.
And I read extensively a lot of things I understood the main idea of - to review what I knew, make sure I knew it if I didn't use a translation tool to help me, and get more reading practice.
So if you already have a foundation of 500-3000 hanzi and 1000-3000 words you are somewhat familiar with, start reading. You can start reading if you have studied less than that amount too, it will just be more of a slog, and more intensive reading (needing to look things up) for a while.
And, just for fun, I found the article WAY back when I decided to learn Chinese, that I used as the example of how I was going to learn to read. "The Fastest Way to Learn to Read Chinese" article is where I got the idea to cram study 2000 common words, then immediately start reading Graded Readers and webnovels with Pleco. In retrospect, it probably was not the best study plan (if I could go back now, I would've studied 2000 common words in Sentence Examples... but I studied isolated words, and it worked out fine).
There are many ways to the same outcome - being able to read in Chinese. I believe you can get to your goal.
Please let me know if I answered your question, or if I missed some part of what you were wondering! Since my brain surgery in August 2025, I have been having some trouble parsing what people mean at times. I want to make sure I answered what you wanted to know. ToT
加油!!!!!!












