#saltintolerant

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow Birch)

Plant community: Red Maple Swamp

Native status: Native to Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 20-40

Width:10-20

Habitat/ Tolerances

Drought Intolerant

Salt intolerant

Fire susceptible

Poor drainage tolerant

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 3-6

Leaf color: Dark green leaves which turn yellow in the fall

Flower color / bloom time:

Yellow-brown (male) and green (female) blooms which come out in April

 Response to Climate Change:

Northern migration

Population decrease in current habitat

 Climate adaption rank: -4

https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2013/12/03/moving-and-out-these-trees-were-made-walking https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/yellow-birch https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b988

https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/betall/all.html

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Tilia americana (American Linden)

Plant community: Oak Hickory Forest

Native status: Native to central and Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 50-80

Width: 30-50

Habitat/ Tolerances

Intolerant to urban conditions

Pollution intolerant

Drought tolerant

Poor drainage tolerant

Salt intolerant

Pest vulnerable

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 3-8

Leaf color: Dark green above and lighter green on the lower surface during the summer. Turn pale yellow in the fall.

Flower color / bloom time:

Pale yellow flowers which bloom in June

Response to Climate Change:

Habitat loss in the south and increase in the north

Northern migration

Climate adaption score: -3

Sources:

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a917 https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/american-basswood

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Larix decidua (Golden Larch)

Plant community:  

Native status: Native to Central and Southern Europe

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 60-100 ft

Width: 20-30 ft

Habitat/ Tolerances:

Salt intolerant

Drought intolerant

Heat intolerant

Poor drainage intolerant

Susceptible to disease

Pollution intolerant

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 2-6

Leaf color: Bright green in spring changing to medium green in the summer.

Fall color is golden yellow.

Flower color / bloom time: Non-flowering

Response to Climate Change:

Predicted reduction in growth due to drought

Loss of habitat at lower elevations

Migration to higher elevations

Climate adaption score: -7

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.15348

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a163

https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/european-larch

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Pinus resinosa (Red pine)

Plant community: Northern Hardwood Forest

Native status: Native to Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 50-80 ft

Width: 20-25 ft

Habitat/ Tolerances

It is typically found on hills, slopes, ridges and plains, often in sandy soils

Tolerant to dry soils

Salt Intolerant

Cold tolerant

Heat intolerant

Susceptible to disease

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 2-5

Leaf color: Evergreen

Flower color / bloom time: Non-flowering

 Response to Climate Change:

Expected to experience population and growth rates decreases as a result of increased heat and drought

Habitat in southern extents of range  within Massachusetts will decrease

Northward migration 

Research shows forestry thinning techniques have been effective in reducing climate impacts  

Climate adaption rank: -4

https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/red-pine

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285002

https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article/64/5/544/5001842

https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/163083/SchererS.pdf;sequence=1

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Liriodendron tulipifera (Yellow Poplar)

Plant community: Oak Hickory Forest

Native status: Native to Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 60-90 ft

Width: 30-50 ft

Habitat/ Tolerances

Salt intolerant

Drought intolerant

Poor Drainage intolerant

Flood intolerant

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 4-9

Leaf color: Glossy green above with a pale green underside, changing to golden yellow in the fall

Flower color / bloom time: Yellow with orange band flowers which bloom in May and June

Response to Climate Change:

New habitat

Potential Climate applications:

As revealed by a New York City study on carbon sequestration, data shows the Yellow Poplar is a top carbon sink. It is already used in urban settings for aesthetic purposes.

Climate adaption rank: -2

 http://www.g-wow.org/App_Uploads_Docs/Submissions/2016%20Wisconsin-WesternUP%20Climate%20Change%20Projections%20for%20Individual%20Tree%20Species.pdf

https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/tuliptree

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a878

https://www.americanarborists.net/tree-tips/2017/july/what-trees-are-best-suited-for-the-changing-clim/

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Fagus granifolia (American Beech)

Plant community: Red Maple Swamp

Native status: Native to Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 50-80 ft

Width: 40-80 ft

Habitat/ Tolerances

Tolerant of urban settings

Salt intolerant

Drought intolerant

Drainage intolerant

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 3-9

Leaf color: Glossy dark green in the summer turns russet or bronze in the fall

Flower color / bloom time: Yellowish-green blooms which come out during April and May

 Response to Climate Change:

Population increase

Habitat increased

Positive response to climate change negative overall ecological impact due to overabundance of species.

American Beech populations are increasing due to higher temperatures and precipitation induced by climate change. The decline in other local tree species including sugar maples, red maples, and birch trees has also allowed the American Beech to become much more abundant in Northeastern forests. Forest Ecologists fear the impacts a Beech dominated forest will have on other species. Impacts include a wide-spread bark disease associated with Beech trees which limits the regeneration of other forest species. An over abundance of Beech will also have shading out impacts on the overall forest limiting the growth of other important plants.

 Potential Climate applications:

The series of intolerances as well as the ecological impact the American Beech has on other important New England plant species greatly decreases the potential climate applications for the plant.

Climate adaption rank: 2

Sources:

https://phys.org/news/2018-02-beech-booming-climate-bad-forests.html

https://umaine.edu/news/blog/2018/01/26/american-beech-dominating-abundance-maples-declining-due-climate-associated-changes-northeast-forests/

https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/faggra/all.html

https://www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/european-beech

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a865

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak)

Plant community: Old Field 

Native status: Native to Eastern North America

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 50-75 ft

Width: 50-75 ft

Habitat/ Tolerances

Intolerant of salt

Tolerant of drought

Tolerant of poor drainage

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: Zones 3-7

Leaf color: Dull dark green leaves in the summer which turn a bright red in the fall

Flower color / bloom time: Yellowish-green blooms which come out in May

Response to Climate Change:

Northward migration

 Potential Climate applications:

Top tree to use for carbon sequestration

Harvard researchers are monitoring the physiology of a red oak with a variety of cameras and sensors. Monitored factors include trunk radius, carbon storage and sequestration, sap and water flow through xylem, surrounding temperature etc. The researchers are trying to figure out how heatwaves drought and other climate change induced events effect the trees systems. The tree has already been monitored for over 50 years prior and is connected with a Twitter account to update followers on how the tree is “feeling” saying statements like, “Today is the 24th hottest day since 50 years”.

Climate adaption rank: 3

Sources

https://htirc.org/wp-content/themes/child_theme/assets/pdf/David%20Platteter.pdf

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/08/tree-in-harvard-forest-live-tweets-climate-change/

 https://ksj.mit.edu/dispatches/2015/05/19/video-what-red-oak-can-tell-us-about-climate-chang-3

[climateresilienceplantguide]

Cornus florida (Flowering dogwood)

Plant community: Oak Hickory Forest

Native status: Native to the Eastern United States

Mature size (height & width):

Height: 20 - 40 feet

Width: 20 feet

Habitat/ Tolerances

Common in wooded habitats of the Eastern US

Salt Intolerant

Heat intolerant

Drought intolerant

Intolerant to poor drainage 

Eco-indicator:

Hardiness zone: 5-9

Leaf color: Pale green leaves turn reddish purple in the fall

Flower color / bloom time: White blooms during April and May

Response to Climate Change:

New habitat

Potential Climate applications:

Strong erosion control abilities.

Climate adaption rank: -1

Sources

https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/climatechange/global-warming-may-be-a-big-th/29368

https://medium.com/@MohonkPreserve/research-report-39-flowering-dogwood-decline-in-the-shawangunks-caa836bb234c

 https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c280

https://www.tlake.com/blog/the-8-best-trees-for-erosion-control-in-middle-georgia