Coccinella septempunctata more commonly known as the seven-spot ladybird, seven-spotted ladybug, or C-7 beetle, is a species of ladybug which was originally endemic to mainland Europe and the middle east but thanks to humans and the spread of agriculture it can now be found all throughout North America, mainland Africa, mainland Asia, Australia, Japan, Indonesia, Madagascar, Cypress, Malta, Sri Lanka, and New Zealand. Here they dwell in a range of habitats including grasslands, meadows, steppe, gardens, forests, parks, marshes, and agricultural fields. Although both seven spot ladybug larvae and adults mainly eat aphids, pollen, and nectar, when aphids are not available these ladybugs are known feed upon other insects such as thrips, white flies, jumping plant lice, leafhoppers, and on the eggs of some beetles and butterflies. Reaching around .3 -.5 inches (7.6- 12.7mm) in length, adult seven-spot ladybirds have round bodies with black heads and abdomens and red thoraxs while the larvae are brownish-grey in colour, with four pairs of bright orange splotches across their bodies. Their distinctive spots and conspicuous colours warn of their toxicity, making them unappealing to predators. The species can secrete a fluid from joints in their legs which gives them a foul taste. A threatened ladybird may both play dead and secrete the unappetizing substance to protect itself. The seven-spot ladybird synthesizes the toxic alkaloids, N-oxide coccinelline and its free base precoccinelline; depending on sex and diet, the spot size and coloration can provide some indication of how toxic the individual insect is to potential predators. Breeding occurs from spring to fall, with seven spots often mating with several partners per day. Females may lay a cluster of 10-30 eggs on aphid-rich vegetation immediately, or, in fall, may store sperm and lay eggs in spring so their larvae have a more robust food supply. Eggs hatch after around 10 days as larvae eat and grow for another 21-30 days before entering the pupal stage, which lasts seven to 15 days. Adults overwinter in a state of diapause (dormancy) in leaf litter, dense vegetation, under tree bark, and in other sheltered spots. Ladybugs are unusual among insects with complete metamorphosis (egg-larva-pupa-adult) because both the larvae and the adults occupy the same spaces and eat the same thing. Under ideal conditions a seven spot ladybug may live upwards of a year.