#slave codes

[dngrcpckwithmurdericing]

using bucky barnes's 'murder walk' to regain space

"Never, Ever, Ever, Ever Move Out of the Way for a Man On the Sidewalk"

This is Sunn m'Cheaux and he's amazing, and also this is a perspective worth hearing.

[teachanarchy]

Watch "Power, Enslavement, and Resistance | US History to 1865 | Study Hall" on YouTube

[nakeddeparture]

Barbadians listening to this interview will have an existential crisis - Andrew - Mia - Miseducation.

https://youtu.be/FN2a1V9a9g0

The Epstein Files pale in comparison to the Mountbatten-Windsor-Barbados Files. Forgive them….. Naked!!

[nakeddeparture]

Holetown, Barbados. Interview with Patricia Benedict regarding the Amanda P Smith matter.

https://youtu.be/-5I_52534RI

Investigations are beginning in the first of many matters and Sunset Crest Property Owners Inc and PUP 34 will not be excluded.

Even within the United States, people are recognizing the abuse of power and bias tactics, and they are taking HOAs and Property Managers to court to reel in their power and/or to exempt them from the nazism. Naked!!

Like. Share. Subscribe. Comment on YouTube.

[gwydionmisha]

Slave Codes: Crash Course Black American History #4

[histpods]

Slave Codes, Black Codes & Jim Crow: Codifying the Color Line - DIG 🎧

In today’s episode we are discussing some laws in the United States that governed the bodies and lives of enslaved people and follow how those laws changed, or didn’t change, through emancipation and into the late twentieth century.

Length: 53:34 Date: 2 Sept. 2018

[blackskinisnotacrime]

Race, Crime and Punishment: Slavery Era

The institution of slavery predates the founding of the United States. It began in 1619 with a small group of Africans brought to the American colony of Virginia and ended in 1865 resulting in millions of African Americans being freed by the Thirteenth Amendment. The United States is a country where people of African descent were considered as legal property, as machines, and as a source of labor. In order for this ideology to be sustained, Blackness had to be seen as a marker for savagery, criminality, and inhumanity.

To begin with, legal matters concerning African Americans were established to control Black behavior rather than protect Black bodies. Federal laws, as well as state laws, were dedicated to defining the status of African Americans and determining the rights of white slave owners (“Slavery in the U.S.”). The implementation of slave codes were designed to maintain the social order of which a racial hierarchy determined the supposed superiority of one group and the inferiority of others. In doing so, slave codes also legitimized the concept of chattel slavery. Slave codes “placed harsh restrictions on slaves’ already limited freedoms” while also giving “slave owners absolute power over their slaves” (“Slavery in the U.S.”). Enslaved Africans could be bought, sold, rented out, prostituted, and inherited  as their master saw fit.

Slave codes were laws in each U.S. state defining the status of slaves and the rights of their owners and giving slave owners absolute power over their slaves.

A slave sale receipt. Dated January 20th 1840

Criminality of the slave master towards their slave was legally acceptable by the law insomuch that the murder of a slave that “resulted from violence administered for the purpose of subduing resistance or imposing discipline” was legally protected (Kennedy 1997, 30). Inflicting violence upon Blacks became a means for the white population to force Black people into submission and we can still see this phenomenon in today’s American society.

“The power of the master must be absolute, to render the submission of the slave perfect.” Thomas Ruffin, North Carolina Supreme Court 

Likewise, the rape and sexual abuse of which Black women were subjected to by white men went unrecognized by the law as a criminal offense. Stereotypes about Black women as “lustful, promiscuous ‘jezebels’” were created to absolve white men’s sexual violence towards enslaved and free Black women and girls (“Slavery in the U.S.”).

For more information:

Kennedy, Randall. Race Crime and the Law. Vintage Books, 1997. 

“Slavery in the U.S.” lumenlearning, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/slavery-in-the-u-s/. Accessed May 2, 2018. 

[accessanddenial-blog]

Black Codes

In order to edit our audio from a workshop with Marco McWilliams on Slave Codes and Black Codes, we turned to Daniel Stern. Daniel is an educator for Wheeler School who teaches audio and recordings to youth. In addition, he had a radio program at Brown Student Radio (BSR). On December of 2015 Daniel came to Riverzedge Arts Project in hopes of teaching the students about the process of editing and refining audio recordings.  

Daniel first introduced us to Garageband and its audio editing features before we broke into small groups to put our new skills to use. 

Emmanuela, Vanesa, and Sarina worked one on one with Daniel. Together they worked on recordings of Marco McWilliams’ visits. Being one of our first times recording a speaker, there were recording issues we faced. Some of these included sound quality due to our lack of a quiet work space. We ran out  of battery while recording which cut down the recording of a two hour workshop to twenty minutes. With only one microphone on Marco, we did not capture the responses from the students. The recording does not reflect how interactive his workshop was.  

This audio that we worked on introduced the origins of police departments in America which was linked to slavery. We looked into examples of slave code in the southern states which oppressed the black community in detailed and scarring way. 

For example, a law in North Carolina which was maintained in 1865 at the end of the Civil War said, “Where the punishment of a white person might  be imprisonment. The court may sentence the free negro to be both whipped and imprisoned.” [Africana Encyclopedia page 249]

These codes turn into new laws that only applied to black people called the Jim Crow Laws that still had similar laws to slave codes.

Here is a clip of Marco McWilliams’ workshop. He explained how the white ruling class of the South controlled social relations between themselves and their slaves through slave patrols. Poor whites became aligned with the white ruling class through this system, solidifying the racial caste system against people of color.  

“If you have a plantation with 150 slaves-- George Washington had a lot of slaves— the first president. Do you think he was running around out there with a whip himself finding out who was doing what? You need some kind of patrol. You need some patrolmen. At this point, Sheriff’s Departments didn’t really exist yet. What they need to develop is some kind of policing force and patrols to enforce and manage this - just the rules that we read [Slave Codes which were put in effect before the civil war. Black Codes were put into effect in the South after the end of the Civil War]. So they’re going to use poor white folk who were maybe indentured servants that came over and got nothing going for them anyway. They don’t own any land. They don’t own any slaves. They might think they’re only two steps away from being out in the tobacco or cotton fields picking cotton alongside some Negroes. And that would be the last place if you were white indentured servants you’d want to find yourself. They used to say that was ‘nigger work.’” 

-Marco McWilliams

Emmanuela Alobwede