Aug 29, 2025
Explore how exclusion in urban planning leads to unequal access to resources, housing, and infrastructure. Understand the social, economic,
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Explore how exclusion in urban planning leads to unequal access to resources, housing, and infrastructure. Understand the social, economic,
By Bernard Rorke In an open letter to the European Commission, the ERRC together with Italian rights groups ...
"[Defensible Space was] based on a fear of crime. And it is this criminalisation of various behaviours, and manipulation of the pervasive sense of fear, both from being a victim of crime and from being accused of committing one, which is one of the most powerful tools to discipline the inhabitants of modern cities"
Krzysztof Nawratek, Holes in the Whole, (Alresford : Zero Books, 2012) p.75
"The segregation of city inhabitants is only to a limited extent a tool to discipline inhabitants, however. Urban social segregation explains who is a proper city dweller, and who is unwanted."
Krzysztof Nawratek, Holes in the Whole, (Alresford : Zero Books, 2012) p.73 (from Bernd Belina, 'From Disciplining to Dislocation : Area Bans in Recent Urban Policing in Germany', European Urban and Regional Studies, 14.4, (2007), 321-336. )