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seen from United States
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Stalin, Kamenev, and Sverdlov among others in exile in Turukhansk region
Lenin, Trotsky and Sverdlov among the staff of the secretariat of the Council of People's Commissars and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the Kremlin. Middle row (from left to right): V.D. Bonch-Bruevich, L.D. Trotsky, V.I. Lenin, Y.M. Sverdlov; standing behind Lenin are Ya.S. Agranov, L.A. Fotieva Here also: E.Z. Rozovskaya, E.S. Lepeshinskaya, M.A. Avilova, P.D. Dmitriev, B.D. Grundul, M.A. Volodicheva, B.Ya. Belenkaya, A.S. Alliluyeva, M.I. Glasser, S K. Gil and others. [Not earlier than October 17, 1918] Moscow.
Lenin, Sverdlov, 7 Nov 1918 by Olga Via Flickr: Владимир Ильич Ленин (в центре) и Яков Михайлович Свердлов (второй справа) осматривают временный памятник К. Марксу и Ф. Энгельсу, открытый на площади Революции в Москве. 7 ноября 1918 г.
corin & fiehn, pg. 177 summary
Did Lenin make a difference?
CONSIDER the circumstances that gave the Bolshies an opportunity to seize power
- weakness of opposition
- collapse of the Russian army
- the Economic Mess russia was in
- kornilov & kerensky just being themselves
Lenin the leader
Actually held the party together, even if he had to implement a ban on factionalism
E.g.) for party disputes over the Oct. Revolution, Red Army, NEP, etc.
Had administrative and organizational superpowers!
Evidence? His pragmatism and ability to cope with Russia’s problems in a way that never lost sight of Bolshevik dogma.
E.g.) during War Communism, Lenin and Sverdlov made all the day-to-day decisions (until Sverdlov died in 1919)
Flexible, pragmatic; willing to use “bourgeois specialists” and single managers in factories as pushed for in the Kronstadt Manifesto; willing to introduce NEP
Survival = paramount aim, or at least until the end of the Civil War
Lenin the theorist
Adapted Marxism to suit the Russian proletariat
Vanguard Party small, disciplined, revolutionary
Symbiotic working with Trotsky
Trotsky helped develop the idea that the “masses” (proletariat) could carry through a socialist revolution without having to deal with “bourgeois democracy”
--> Fiehn, Terry, and Chris Corin. Russia Under Tsarism and Communism 1881-1953. Hodder Education, 2011.
shitty documentary: jacob sverdlov was harsh, unfriendly and uNchaRIsMatIC man!!
jacob sverdlov:
jacob sverdlov: meow?
'Prepare for new battles': Sixth Congress of Bolshevik Party held in Petrograd
‘Prepare for new battles’: Sixth Congress of Bolshevik Party held in Petrograd
From I.B. Khlebnikov Workers’ University:
In Petrograd on July 26, 1917 (August 8 on the modern calendar), in conditions of semi-legality (the venue of the congress was changed and not announced in the public press), the Sixth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) – RSDLP (b) was opened. Present were 157 delegates with decisive votes and 110 with advisory votes,…
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