Surah al-Fatihah (Explanation Verse 1-4)
Explanation of verses الفاتحہ:
Hadith-e-Qudsi: "A half of it (Surah Fatihah) is for Me and a half for My servant, and My servant shall acquire what he asked for.'' [Muslim & An-Nisai]
Tafseer means: Explanation, interpretation, exegesis, commentary of the Quran.
Read More: http://www.call-to-monotheism.com/tafsir_of_the_qur_an__by_shaykh_ab__amm_r_yasir_al_qadh_
Verse 1: بسم اللہ الرّحمن الرّحيم See word explanation.
There is no disagreement over the view that Al-Fatihah contains seven Ayat.
'The scholars agree that Bismillah is a part of an Ayah in Surat An-Naml (chapter 27). They disagree over whether it is a separate Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where the Bismillah appears in its beginning.
The opinion that Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except Al-Bara'ah (al-Tawbah) (chapter 9), was attributed to (the Companions) Ibn `Abbas, Ibn `Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and `Ali.
On the other hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal.'
Read more Tafseer Ibn Kathir: [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=89&Itemid=35]
Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, that a person who was riding behind the Prophet said, "The Prophet's animal tripped, so I said, `Cursed Shaytan.' The Prophet said, “(Do not say, 'Cursed Shaytan,' for if you say these words, Satan becomes arrogant and says, 'With my strength I made him fall.' When you say, 'Bismillah,' Satan will become as small as a fly.)”
* This is the blessing of reciting Bismillah.
It also means: I begin with every Name belonging to Allah, Most High. This is because the word Name (Ism) is singular and in the genitive form; therefore it subsumes all of Allah’s Beautiful and Perfect Names.(Sa’di)
He (Allah) is the God who is worshipped: the one deserving worship to the exclusion of everything else because of His qualities of divinity, attributes, all of which are perfect.(Sa’di)
Verse 2: العالمين includes everything, including me and you.
· Allah deserves praise in every situation (good/bad).
· The Prophet (صلی اللہ عليہ وسلم) used to say in good situations:
الحمد للّہ الذي بنعمتہ تتمّ الصّالحات .
· In bad situations: الحمد للّہ علی کلّ حال ۔. Because Allah does everything for a reason, there is wisdom behind it, whether we know it or not.
Verse 3: Read word explanation الرّحمن،الرّحيم . http://tafseernotes.tumblr.com/post/27908687825/lesson1
Verse 4: Allah is merciful, but along with that He is
the Malikمالک:
The Owner (Maalik): Regarding the word Maalik, there are two different ways of reciting it according to the seven permissible ways of recitation. The second way of reciting it is: ´Malik' which means “the king”. The word “King” is more specific than “Owner.”
There’s an amazing point here to be taken from both of these two different recitations. His kingdom and ownership are true and perfect. And even some of the creation that may be a “king” yet not a true “owner.” Such a person is merely referred to as a king, yet has no real ownership or control over anything. And similarly, there are many people who are owners (of something) yet not kings, like most of the people. But our Lord is the true and complete Owner and King.
“Master of the Day of Judgement,” a master is a person who has the quality of ownership, from the consequences of which is the ability to command and prohibit, reward and punish, and to dispose of his subjects and possessions in any way he wishes.
Allah says: ‘O mankind, what has deceived you concerning your Lord, the Generous, Who created you, proportioned you, and balanced you?’ [al-Infitar:6-7]
نَبِّىءْ عِبَادِى أَنِّى أَنَا الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ - وَأَنَّ عَذَابِى هُوَ الْعَذَابُ الاٌّلِيمُ
‘Declare (O Muhammad ) unto My servants, that truly, I am the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. And that My torment is indeed the most painful torment.’ (15:49-50)
The Messenger of Allah said, “If the believer knew what punishment Allah has, none would have hope in acquiring His Paradise, and if the disbeliever knew what mercy Allah has, none will lose hope of earning His earning” [Musim].
‘The Day they come forth nothing concerning them will be concealed from Allah. To whom belongs [all] sovereignty this Day? To Allah, the One, the Prevailing.’ [Ghafir 15-17]
Ibn `Abbas commented, "Allah says, `On that Day, no one owns anything that they used to own in the world.'''
يوم الدين: The Day of Reckoning, i.e., Reward or Punishment.
‘Does man think that he will be left neglected?’(i-e to no end, without responsibility, or without being returned to the Creator for Judgment)[al-Qiyamah:36].
This verse is another description of Allaah and Yawmid-Deen is the Day of Resurrection.
Here the word Ad-Deen means recompense, meaning that Allaah is the only owner of that day on which the creations will be rewarded or recompensed (for whatever they earned of good or evil). On that day, there will be no other owner or decision-maker. Sometimes the word Ad-Deen is used to refer to recompense as in this verse, and other times it refers to actions (or religion) as in the verse:
“To you is your action (or religion) and to me is my action (or religion).”
[Soorah Al-Kaafiroon, 109:6] [Sh. Uthaiymeen Tafseer)
“But isn’t He the Owner of this life as well as the Day of recompense?”
The answer is without a doubt, “Yes,” but His complete ownership, kingship, and absolute authority will be totally apparent and realized by everyone on that day. He will ask:
To whom belongs all kingship today?
No one would dare answer, so He Himself replies:
To Allaah, the One, the Prevailing.
[Soorah Ghaafir, 40:16] (Sh.Uthaimeen Tafseer)
'Moreover, man will realize that any mastery of created beings has ended, so much so that kings, ministers, slaves and the free-born will all be the same: all of them yielding to His greatness, rendered in complete submission before His magnificence, expectant of His recompense, hoping for His reward and fearing His punishment'.
The point of mentioning His mastery in this context is to emphasize it, otherwise He is Master of the Day of Judgement and all other days.[Sh. Sa’di]
`Umar said, "Hold yourself accountable before you are held accountable, weigh yourselves (your deeds) before you are weighed (on Judgment Day), and be prepared for the biggest gathering before He Whose knowledge encompasses your deeds,
‘That Day shall you be brought to Judgement, not a secret of yours will be hidden’. [69:18].''
Other names of Judgment Day: القارعۃ، يوم القيامۃ، يوم الحساب، يوم الحسرۃ، الطّامّۃ الکبری، يوم الاخرۃ
Points of Benefit of Al-Faatihah, Verse 3:
1. From the benefits of this verse is the confirmation of a true and perfect ownership to Allaah and complete authority on the Day of Recompense because on that day, all ownership, decision-making, and kingship of anyone else will vanish.
2. Another point of benefit from this verse is the proof of resurrection after death and that everyone will be recompensed according to what they earned of good or evil. This is based on the statement, “The Owner of the Day of Recompense.”
3. This verse also encourages mankind to act and prepare for that day on which they will be repaid according to what they’ve done.
“Master of the Day of Judgement,” a master is a person who has the quality of ownership, from the consequences of which is the ability to command and prohibit, reward and punish, and to dispose of his subjects and possessions in any way he wishes
