Discover Top Posts Tagged with #verb endings

Popular Recent

Korean Grammar: Tense Markers

Just like any other language, Korean has different markers for the past, present and future.

The marker can change the structure of a word, as well as the ending. Let’s take a look:

The Present Tense

To put a verb in the present tense, you have to add ~는다 so

먹다= to eat

but in the present tense, it becomes 먹는다 so,

나는 먹는다= I eat

However, if the word ends in a vowel, you just add ~ㄴ. For example,

마시다 = to drink

In the present tense, it becomes 마신다 so,

나는 마신다=I drink

The Past Tense

To put a verb in the past tense, you have to add ~었다 or ~았다, the ending depends on how the stem word ends, but I’ll go into more detail with that in another post as it is slightly more complicated for the past tense. For now, here are some examples:

먹다 = to eat

나는 먹었다 = I ate

However,

마시다= to drink becomes

나는 마셨다= I drank

The Future Tense

Saving the best until last, the future tense is the easiest of the 3; all you do is simply add ~겠다...

나는 먹다= I eat (unconjugated)

나는 먹겠다= I will eat

The same goes for the verb “to drink”:

나는 마시다= I drink (unconjugated)

나는 마시겠다= I will drink

I hope this post helped you to understand the different ending for different tenses, for this kind of thing, I like to use “to eat” and “to drink” because they have different types of ending but they are easy to remember.

Don’t be afraid to drop something in the ask box and either Katie or myself will get back to you,

Kate

#korean language #learn korean #korean grammar #verbs #verb endings #korean verbs #to eat #to drink

~아/어도 되다: There is no problem if

되다 can be used as a stand-alone verb which means “to become.”

선생님이 되고 싶어요 = I want to be/become a teacher

되다 can be used in passive sentences.

세금은 값에 포함된다 = The tax is included in the price

Another usage of 되다 is to indicate that there is “no problem” with something. Common translations are “for something to be going well” or “for something to be working (well).” You can typically place 되다 after a noun to indicate that there is no problem with that noun. The word 잘 ("well") is often included in these sentences.

사업이 잘 되고 있어요? = Is your business going well? 일이 잘 돼요? = Is your work going well? 여기서 Wi-Fi가 잘 돼요 = The Wi-Fi here works well 심장수술이 잘 됐어요?= Did the heart surgery go well? 문제 해결이 잘 됐어요? = Did the problem get solved okay?

This same usage is often used to say that something has “finished” doing whatever it should be doing:

밥이 됐어요?= Is the rice ready?/Has the rice finished cooking?

You can also use 되다 to tell somebody to stop giving you something. For example, if somebody is filling up a glass of water for you, and you want to say “Okay! That’s enough!” you can just say 됐어(요).

To say the opposite – that is – that something is not going well, not working or not finished, you should use 안 (even though the usual opposite of 잘 is 못). 잘 can also be included in these sentences along with 안 (just like how 잘 can be used alongside 못).

밥이 아직은 안 됐어요 = The rice still isn’t ready 여기서 Wi-Fi가 (잘) 안 돼요 = The Wi-Fi doesn’t work (well) here 컴퓨터가 안 돼요 = The computer isn’t working 로그인이 안 돼요 = The log-in isn’t working (I can’t log in)

1: 축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow? 2: 가고 싶지만 내일은 안 돼요 = I want to go, but I can’t go tomorrow (tomorrow doesn’t work for me)

To be allowed to do: ~아/어도 되다

As previously discussed, 되다 can be used to indicate that there is “no problem” with something. This usage of 되다 can be applied in sentences with ~아/어도.

~아/어도 can be attached to the stem of a clause to create the meaning of “regardless of…”

되다 is commonly used after ~아/어도 to indicate that there is no problem with the action being done. All together, ~아/어/여도 되다 means “to be okay (even) if...”. This typically translates to “one may” or “one is allowed to.”

네가 일찍 가도 돼 = Regardless of if you leave early, there is no problem = You may go early = You are allowed to go early

아무거나 해도 돼 = You can do whatever you want 지금 문을 열어도 돼요 = You may open the door now 가장 펼리한 거를 선택해도 돼요 = You may choose the most convenient 여기 있어도 돼요 = You are allowed to be here 당구를 여기서 쳐도 돼요 = You are allowed to play pool here 이 직장에서 수염을 길러도 돼요 = You are allowed to have a beard at this job 내일 시합에서 명예를 회복해도 돼요 = You can regain your honor during tomorrow’s game 고기에 그 단단한 부분을 먹어도 돼요 = You can/may even eat that hard/stiff part of the meat 학생들이 들어가도 되지만 부모를 동반해야 돼요 = Students may enter, but they must be accompanied by a parent 문제를 이해하지 못하면 감독관에게 물어봐도 돼요 = You may ask the supervisor/proctor if you don’t understand the question

These types of sentences can also be used to ask questions, such as if there is any “problem” with an action occurring. These types of questions typically translate to “May…?” or “Is it alright if…”

제가 일찍 가도 돼요? = Regardless of if I go early, is there any problem? = May I go early?

밥을 많이 먹어도 돼요? = May I eat a lot? 화장실에 가도 돼요? = May I go to the bathroom? 얼룩말에게 먹이를 줘도 돼요? = May I give feed to the zebras? 우리가 탁구를 해도 돼요? = May we play table tennis? 죄수들을 보러 교도소에 들어가도 돼요? = May we go into the prison to see the prisoners? 옆에 있는 사람이 하는 말이 아주 불쾌해서 다른 자리로 가도 돼요? = What the person beside me is saying is unpleasant, so may I go to another seat? 선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. 나중에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 되요?= Teacher! I can’t grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office later? 여기 앉아도 돼요? = Do you mind if I sit here? 옆에 앉아도 돼요? = Do you mind if I sit next to you? 창문 닫아도 돼요? = Do you mind if I close the window? 창문 열어도 돼요? = Do you mind if I open the window? 나중에 전화해도 돼요? = Do you mind if I call you later?

The final clause of all of these example sentences has been in the present tense. It is possible to conjugate 되다 to the past or future tenses to indicate that there would have been no problem if an action had been done, or will be done in the future.

그때 나가도 됐어요 = It would have been okay if you left at that time 문을 열어도 됐어요 = It would have been okay if you opened the door

그때 나가도 될 거예요 = It will be okay if you leave at that time 문을 열어도 될 거예요 = It will be okay if you open the door

안 [verb]~아/어도 되다: One doesn’t have to

To indicate that there will be “no problem” if some action doesn’t occur, you can conjugate the verb before ~아/어도 negatively using 안 or ~지 않다. This typically translates to “it is okay if one does not” or “one doesn’t have to.”

네가 빨리 안 가도 돼요 = Regardless of if you don’t leave quickly/early, there is no problem = You don’t have to go quickly/early

밥을 벌써 먹어서 다시 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat because I already did 여기에 사인을 안 해도 돼요 = You don’t need to sign here 이 음식에 소금을 안 넣어도 돼요 = You don’t need to put salt on this food 그런 거를 걱정 안 해도 돼요 = You don’t need to worry about that kind of thing 이 학교가 과학 고등학교라서 인문학을 공부하지 않아도 돼요 = You don’t need to study the humanities at this school because it is a science high school 그 나라에서 선생님이 되고 싶으면 특별한 자격이 있지 않아도 돼요 = If you want to become a teacher in that country, you don’t need any special qualification 핸드폰에 연락처 가능이 있어서 요즘에 사람들은 기억력이 좋지 않아도 돼요 = Cell phones have contact functions in them so these days people don’t need to have a good memory

You could also generally see this form as the opposite of ~아/어야 하다.

그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 해도 돼요 = In order to pass that test, I don’t need to study 그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 해야 돼요 = In order to pass that test, I need to study

This form can be used to ask questions as well.

지금 밥을 안 먹어도 돼요? = You don’t need to eat (rice) now? 내일까지 다 안 해도 돼요? = You don’t need to do it all by tomorrow? 수염을 안 깎아도 돼요? = You don’t need to shave your beard? 자격증을 안 보여줘도 돼요? = I don’t need to show you my certification?

되다 Substitutes

In all of the sentences in this lesson using ~아/어도 되다, the common meaning applied is “it is okay if…” or “there is no problem if.” Instead of 되다, other words with a similar meaning can be used as well.

~아/어/여도 괜찮아요 / 좋다

The two most common substitutes for 되다 in this usage are 좋다 and 괜찮다.

You may ~아/어도open the door now = 지금 문을 열어도 돼요 = 지금 문을 열어도 좋아요 = 지금 문을 열어도 괜찮아요

May I eat a lot? = 밥을 많이 먹어도 돼요? = 밥을 많이 먹어도 좋아요? = 밥을 많이 먹어도 괜찮아요?

These structures are interchangeable, but using 괜찮다 has a slightly softer nuance, whereas 돼요 tends to be a little more direct. By using 괜찮아요, you give the other person an impression that you are being more careful. You can use this with people who are older than you or with someone you don’t know.

저 먼저 가도 괜찮아요? = Do you mind if I leave first (before other people)? 여기 앉아도 괜찮아요? = May I sit here? 이거 열어 봐도 괜찮아요? = Do you mind if I open this? / Do you mind if I try opening this? 내일 말해 줘도 괜찮아요? = Do you mind if I tell you tomorrow? * “내일 말해 줘도 돼요?” is more direct. “내일 말해 줄게요.” is even more direct.

~아/어/여도 될까요

This structure uses the verb 되다, but in the ~(으)ㄹ까요 form to express curiosity or uncertainty about something, therefore naturally asking for the other person’s response or feedback. Asking 될까요 makes your sentence softer and more polite than simply saying 돼요.

여기 앉아도 될까요? = Do you mind if I sit here? = Would you mind if I sit here? = I wonder if I can sit here? (You are not directly asking the other person, but more asking yourself.)

창문 닫아도 될까요? = Do you mind if I close the window? = Could I close the window?

나중에 전화해도 될까요? = Do you mind if I call you later? = Can I call you later?

~아/어/여 주실래요?

All the structures above express, “Do you mind if I...?” by asking the other person if it would be okay if you did something. However, to ask the other person whether they would mind doing something, you can use ~아/어/여 주실래요.

주다 means “to give”, but when you combine it with other verbs, ~아/어/여 주다 means “to do something for someone”, and the honorific suffix ~시~ makes your sentence more polite.

조금 기다려 주실래요? = Do you mind waiting for a bit? * In casual language: 조금 기다려 줄래?

한 번 더 설명해 주실래요? = Do you mind explaining one more time? * In casual language: 한 번 더 설명해 줄래?

Keeping the same nuance, you can change the sentence ending to the following:

~아/어/여 주실래요? → ~아/어/여 줄래요? (줄래요 is a little less formal than 주실래요 without the suffix ~시~)

~아/어/여 주실래요? → ~아/어/여 주시겠어요? (주시겠어요 is interchangeable with 주실래요 but a little more polite and formal)

#korean #notes #verb endings #verbs #grammar

~아/어/여도: Regardless of, even if, even though

~아/어도 means “but still” or “nevertheless” and is used as a subordinating conjunction (joins the main clause to the dependent clause) to combine two sentences without having to end one sentence and begin another.

By adding ~아/어도 to the stem of a word at the end of one clause, the second clause is expected to occur regardless of what happens in the first clause.

밥이 있어도 안 먹을 거예요 = Regardless of if there is food/rice, I am not going to eat

The clause with ~아/어도 attached is a supposition. That is, it is uncertain if that clause will occur or not. The use of ~아/어도 indicates that the second clause will occur regardless of if the first clause happens or not.

The difference with ~지만 is that when ~지만 is added to a clause, that clause is already a fact (or already was a fact, or already will be a fact). The clause that follows ~지만 is a statement that opposes this already accepted/known fact.

밥이 있지만 안 먹을 거예요 = Even though there is food/rice, I am not going to eat

The common translation for ~아/어도 is “Regardless of if…”

태핑이 와도 내일 박람회에 가야 돼요 = Regardless of whether there is a typhoon, I have to go to the trade show tomorrow 보석을 그 동굴에 숨겨도 사람들이 찾을 거예요 = Regardless of whether you hide the jewels in that cave, people will find them 네가 건축가가 돼도 손으로 건물을 짓지 않을 거야 = Regardless of if you become an architect, you won’t be building buildings with your hands 그랑 일대일로 면담하려고 해 봐도 그는 말을 안 할 거예요= Regardless of if you try to talk with him (face to face) he won’t say anything 그 제품을 반값으로 줘도 저는 안 살 거예요 = Regardless of if you give me that product at half price, I’m not going to buy it 모두 호수에서 수영해도 저는 안 들어가요 = Regardless of if everyone goes swimming in the lake, I am not going in 어미를 찾아도 이미 고양이 새끼가 다 죽었어요 = Regardless of if you find the mother, the baby cats (kittens) all died 달콤한 치킨을 안 좋아해도 이거를 한번 먹어 봐야 돼요 = Regardless of if you don’t like sweet chicken, you have to try this 그 정원이 아름다워도 내일 그 장소에서 건물을 지을 거예요 = Regardless of if that garden is beautiful, tomorrow we will construct a building on that location 택시를 타도, 시간이 오래 걸려요 = It takes a long time even if I take a taxi 석진 씨는 제가 전화를 해도 안 받아요 = Even if I call him, Seokjin does not answer

The fact that the first clause of this sentence is a supposition (i.e. is uncertain to occur) allows question words to be used in these types of sentences.

네가 어디 가도 나는 가고 싶지 않아= Regardless of where you are going, I don’t want to go 네가 어디 가지만 나는 가고 싶지 않아

Notice the difference with ~지만 in these cases. When using ~지만, the first clause is already some accepted/known fact, which means that a question word cannot be used in these types of sentences.

우리 엄마가 무엇을 사도 산 다음 날에 항상 교환해요 = Regardless of what my mother buys, she always exchanges it the day after buying it 이 제품을 언제 구입해도 그 가격을 내야 돼요 = Regardless of when you purchase this product, you have to pay that price 공연을 언제 해도 사람들이 안 올 거예요 = Regardless of when you do the performance, people won’t come

~아/어도 can also be attached to adjectives as well.

여자들이 예뻐도 똑딱하지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not smart, they have no charm 강가가 멀어도 우리는 내일 거기 가야 돼요 = Regardless of if the (area around) the river is far, we have to go there tomorrow 그 일이 급해도 저는 오늘 그거를 할 수 없어요 = Regardless of if that task is urgent, I can’t do it today 요즘에 바빠도, 운동은 하고 있어요 = Even though I am busy these days, I am still doing some exercise 냄새는 이상해도 맛있어요 = It is tasty even though the smells weird 바빠도 한국에 갈 거예요 = Even if I am busy, I will go to Korea

~아/어도 can also be attached to 이다. When added to 이다, it follows the same pattern as when adding ~아/어서 to 이다: ~아/어도 can be attached directly to the stem of 이다, or the ~어 can be changed to ~라. If the noun ends in a vowel, 이 can merge with the addition (이 + 어 = 여, or 이 + 라 = 라).

사람이어도 = 사람이라도 남자여도 = 남자라도

그 남자가 마법사라도 그 문을 열 수 없을 거예요 = Regardless of if that man is a magician, he is not going to be able to open that door 그 사람이 네 엄마여도 나는 그녀랑 말을 안 할 거야 = Regardless of if that person is your mother, I’m not going to talk to her 그 일을 하는 사람이 누구라도 창피할 거예요 = Regardless of who does that job, they will be embarrassed

아무리

아무리 usually replaces 얼마나 in these types of sentences that describe “how much” something is done.

네가 나를 아무리 사랑해요 우리는 헤어져야 돼요 = Regardless of how much you love me, we need to break up 애기를 안으려고 아무리 노력해도 애기가 저를 안고 싶지 않은 거 같이 보여요 = Regardless of how much I try to hug the baby, it looks like the baby doesn’t want to hug me

아무리 is also put in sentences to allow the listener to expect what the speaker will say and provide feeling, similar to how 만약 is used in sentences where there is a supposition or assumption being made. Where 만약 is often used in sentences with ~(으)면, 아무리 is often used in sentences with ~아/어도. In this usage, 아무리 is used in sentences for feeling to let the listener/reader know that ~아/어도 is coming later in the sentence.

To say “no matter how...” in Korean, you need 아무리 and the suffix ~아/어/여도.

아무리 + Verb + ~아/어/여도 = No matter how + Verb

아무리 has a definition, but it is rarely used on its own to define or mean anything. This word is usually used together with ~아/어/여도 or other endings that mean “even if” or “however”. You COULD say the same thing without 아무리, but 아무리 makes the meaning of the entire sentence much stronger and clearer.

(아무리) 그 제품을 반값으로 줘도 저는 안 살 거예요 = Regardless of if you give me that product at half price, I’m not going to buy it

Using 아무리 with Nouns

Sometimes you can use 아무리 with nouns, but to make them “verbs”, you need to add the verb ~이다. For example, to say 부자, “a rich person”, you need to change it to 부자이다 and then conjugate it s such.

아무리 부자여도 = 아무리 부자라도 = No matter how rich you are... = Even if you are a rich person... 아무리 미인이라도 = 아무리 미인이어도 = No matter how much of a beauty she is... 아무리 바보라도 = 아무리 바보여도 = No matter how big of a fool you are...

Using 아무리 With Other Endings

You can express similar meanings with other endings. ~아/어/여도 can be replaced with ~아/어/여 봤자, ~고 싶어도, ~려고 해도, ~(으/느)ㄴ다고 해도, etc. However, the sentences will all have subtle differences based on the core meaning of the second phrase.

아무리 공부해도 = No matter how much you study... (most neutral) 아무리 공부해 봤자 = No matter how much you study... (least hopeful) 아무리 공부하고 싶어도 = No matter how much you want to study... 아무리 공부하려고 해도 = No matter how much you are going to try to study... 아무리 공부한다고 해도 = No matter how much you study… (less hopeful)

아무리 + Verb Stem + -아/어/여도 그렇지...

In addition to the basic ~아/어/여도 structure, ~아/어/여도 그렇지 is another commonly used structure used with 아무리. When you add 그렇지, the sentence can be used on its own, without a second clause. Here, 그렇지 means “but still...”.

아무리 어려워도 = No matter how difficult it is... 아무리 어려워도 그렇지(요) = I know it is difficult, but still... / No matter how difficult it is, still....

*If you say 아무리 어려워도, you need to continue the sentence. However, if you say 아무리 어려워도 그렇지, you are leaving off part of the sentence but still getting your point across.

By adding ~요 at the end, you can make the sentence more polite. Note you are using ~지요, but when you say it quickly, it becomes -죠.

아무리 늦어도 2시까지는 오세요 = No matter how late you are, be there by 2 / Come by 2 at the latest. 아무리 싫어도, 안 싫은 척해 주세요 = No matter how much you hate them, please pretend you do not / No matter how much you do not feel like doing this, please pretend you do. *싫다 not only means “to hate”, but also means that you do not feel like doing something. 아무리 맛있어도 이제 그만 먹어요 = No matter how delicious it is, stop eating now 아무리 비싸도 제가 사 줄게요 = No matter how expensive it is, I will buy it for you 아무리 학생이라도 공부만 하는 건 아니에요 = Even if you are a student, you do not always study / Even students do not always study

그래도

By adding ~아/어도 to 그렇다 ("like that") you can create 그래도, which means “but still”, “however”, “nonetheless”, or “nevertheless.”

그래도 = 그래 + 도 그래 = 그렇게 해 or 그렇게 하여 (to do it in such a way, to do that) ~도 = also, too, even

The literal meaning of 그래 + 도 is “even if you do that”, “even if that happens”, or “if you do that, too” with the meaning of “still” added to the context. When some situation is being talked about, you can use 그래도 to say “Regardless of if (that situation) occurs…”. The common translation of 그래도 is simply “regardless” or “it doesn’t matter.”

1: 같이 가자! 사람이 많을 거야 = Let’s go together! There will be so many people 2: 그래도 가기 싫어요 = Regardless. I’m not going.

1: 선생님! ㅈ = Teacher! My stomach is a little sore 2: 그래도 수업에 와야 돼 = Regardless, you have to come to class

요즘에 바빠요. 그래도 운동은 하고 있어요. = I am busy these days. But still, I am doing some exercise. 비가 와요. 그래도 갈 거예요? = It is raining. Are you still going? 한국어는 어려워요. 그래도 재미있어요. = Korean is difficult. But still, it is interesting. 어제는 비가 왔어요. 그래도 축구를 했어요. = Yesterday, it rained. Nevertheless, we played soccer. 저도 돈이 없어요. 그래도 걱정하지 마세요. = I do not have money, either. But still, do not worry. 노래방에 가야 돼요. 그래도 노래 안 할 거예요. = I have to go to a noraebang (singing room). However, I am not going to sing. 요즘 바빠요. 그래도 한국어를 공부하고 있어요. = I am busy these days. But I am still studying Korean.

When speaking with friends, 그래도 is also used as an interjection to say, “But still…” or “Come on...”.

To be more polite, or to make 100% sure you are not being rude, add ~요 and say 그래도요. The ~도요 combination is difficult to pronounce, so some people, especially women in Seoul, say 그래두요 rather than 그래도요 (like the change in pronunciation of ~고 to 구).

#korean #notes #grammar #verb endings

~지만: Even though

하지만 (“but”) is one of the most common Korean words and is usually used at the beginning of a sentence (in English and Korean).

저는 먹고 싶어요. 하지만 배고프지 않아요. = I want to eat. But, I am not hungry.

Although both sentences are correct, there are many syllables that you can eliminate from them. Koreans always want to make their sentences as short as possible. You can create this meaning of “but” by eliminating 하지만 and connecting the two clauses with ~지만. This often translates to “even though…” in English.

저는 먹고 싶지만 배고프지 않아요 = I want to eat but I am not hungry = Even though I want to eat, I am not hungry

Essentially, by adding ~지만 to the stem of a word, that clause gets negated, and the opposite is usually described in the latter clause. It can be added directly to the stems of verbs, adjectives and 이다. Also, because the addition starts with ㅈ there are no irregulars that come into play with this addition.

Notice that the clauses before ~지만 are true or have already occurred (or are certain to occur in the future).

부산에 가고 싶지만 차가 없어서 못 가요 = Even though I want to go to Busan, I can’t go because I don’t have a car 물을 마셔야 되지만 물이 아작도 다 얼어 있어요 = I need to drink water, but it is still all frozen 요즘에 한국어를 열심히 공부하고 있지만 아직도 말할 수 없어요 = Even though I am studying Korean hard these days, I still can’t speak well 그 연예인은 돈이 많지만 왜 그렇게 행복하지 않아 보여요?= That celebrity has a lot of money, but why doesn’t he look happy 그 아파트는 경비 아저씨가 가 있지만 안전하지 않아요 = Even though that apartment (complex) has a security guard, it isn’t safe 잔디를 깎아야 되지만 밖에 나가기 싫어요 = I have to cut/mow the grass/lawn, but I don’t want to go outside 우리 어머니기 강아지를 아주 좋아지만 다른 동물을 싫어해요 = My mother really likes dogs/puppies, but doesn’t like other animals 그 경기에 참가하고 싶지만 네 안 하면 나도 안 할래 = I want to participate in the match, but if you don’t do it, then I won’t 모든 사람들이 그를 싫어하지만 그는 파티에 나타났어요 = Even though everybody hates him, he showed up at the party

You can conjugate the clause before ~지만 to the past tense by adding ~았/었 to it.

밥을 먹었지만 배고파요 = Even though I ate, I am hungry 상처를 치료했지만 아직 고통이 있어요 = I treated the wound, but there is still pain 로그인을 이미 했지만 그 화면이 안 보여요 = I already logged in, but I don’t see that screen 원래 한국에 여해하러 가고 싶었지만 돈이 없어서 못 갔어요 = Originally I wanted to go to Korea to travel, but because I didn’t have any money, I couldn’t go 머리를 창문 너머로 내밀었지만 밖에 있는 친구가 저를 보지 않았어요 = I stuck my head out of the window, but my friend outside didn’t see me 마취했지만 입에 아직 감각이 있어요 = I received freezing/anesthetic, but there is still feeling in my mouth 제가 친구한테 소리를 질렀지만 친구가 제 말을 못 들었어요 = I yelled to my friend, but he didn’t hear what I said 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 갑자기 제 꿈에 나타났어요 = I had forgotten that person’s face, but it suddenly appeared to me in my dream

You can conjugate the clause before ~지만 to the future tense by adding the ~(으)ㄹ 것이다/거다 or ~겠다 forms. In all cases, ~지만 is attached to these constructions after ~다 is removed.

한국에 안 가겠지만 여전히 한국어를 배우고 싶어요 = Even though I will not go to Korea, I still want to learn Korean 오늘 선생님이 안 올 거지만 우리는 선생님이 준비하신 내용을 공부해야 돼요 = Even though the teacher won’t come today, we need to study the material that she prepared 오늘 우리가 달에 대한 거를 배울 것이지만 우선 태양에 대한 거를 배워야 돼요 = Today, we’ll learn about the moon, but first, we must learn about the sun

그렇지만

It is common to attach ~지만 to 그렇다. When some situation is being talked about, you can use 그렇지만 to say “Even though (that situation)…”. The common translation of 그렇지만 is simply “however.”

1: 주차를 이 선 안에 해야 되지 않아요? = Don’t you have to park between these lines? 2: 그렇지만 차가 너무 커서 그렇게 할 수없어요 = However, the car is too big so I can’t do it like that.

1: 지금 가야 되지 않아요? = Don’t you have to go now? 2: 네, 그렇지만 할 게 많아서 지금 못 가요 = Yes, however I can’t go now because I have a lot of things to do

그렇지만 VS 그런데: but, however

피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요. = I am tired, but I want to see a movie. 피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요. = I am tired. However, I want to see a movie.

그렇지만 and 그런데 both mean “but” or “however”, but there is some difference in the usage of these two words.

어제 이거 샀어요. 그렇지만 정말 커요. = I bought this yesterday. 그렇지만 it is really big.

In the sentence above, 그렇지만 means “but” or “however”. The speaker is contrasting two facts: having purchased “this” yesterday and “it” being too big. It sounds as if the speaker is disappointed that it is very big.

어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요. = I bought this yesterday. 그런데 it is really big.

In the above sentence, the intended meaning of 그런데 is “but”, however at the same time it can also mean “and”. If the speaker is implying the meaning of “and”, the entire sentence can mean “I bought this yesterday, and as I have come to find out, it is really big.”

In summary:

그렇지만 = “but” 그런데 = “but” or “and” (depending on context)

To contrast two sentences, “A + however/but + B”, use either 그렇지만 or 그런데.

To introduce two actions or states which occurred one after another, and if the first sentence is background information for the second, only use 그런데.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그렇지만 일요일이었어요. = I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그런데 일요일이었어요. = I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday. = I went to school yesterday, and by the way, it was Sunday. = I went to school yesterday, and as I found out after I went, it was Sunday.

그런데 can be used for a wider variety of meanings than 그렇지만, which has a very formal nuance to it and is used more in writing. In actual everyday conversations, 그런데 is used more often than 그렇지만.

어젯밤 늦게 잤어요. 그런데 피곤하지 않아요. = I went to bed late last night, but I am not tired. 저는 매일 운동을 해요. 그런데 살이 빠지지 않아요. = I work out every day, but I do not lose any weight. 저는 친구가 없어요. 그런데 왕따는 아니에요. = I do not have friends, but I am not a loner.

아무리 ~(이)라지만/(ㄴ/는)다지만: I know it is… but it is still…

아무리 along with the ending ~라지만 or ~다지만 is used to talk about something that is too excessive or not considered appropriate. It can take on various meanings depending on the specific context.

아무리 means “no matter how (much)” and ~지만 means “but” so combined, they form a sentence pattern that commonly means:

I know it is so-and-so but it is still … It is true that it is so-and-so but it is still … Sure, it is so-and-so but still …

In a way, you are acknowledging one fact and then presenting another, usually contrasting viewpoint. The phrase basically means “I know it is so-and-so but it is still too excessive, not appropriate, a bad idea, impossible, or incomprehensible.”

아무리 + NOUN + ~(이)라지만

아무리 친구라지만, 어떻게 그런 부탁을 할 수 있을까? = I know she is a friend, but how can she ask me such a favor? 아무리 가족이라지만, 이해할 수 없어요. = I know he is my family, but I cannot understand him 아무리 가까운 친구라지만, 돈을 허락 없이 쓰면 안 돼요 = I know you are close friends, but you cannot use his money without permission

아무리 + VERB STEM + ~ㄴ/는다지만 (action verb)

아무리 요즘 인기가 많다지만, 너무 비싸요 = I know it is popular these days, but it is too expensive 아무리 그렇다지만, 이건 너무했네요.= I know it is true, but this was too much

아무리 + VERB STEM + ~다지만 (adjective/descriptive verb)

아무리 사람을 많이 만난다지만, 어떻게 다혜 씨를 기억 못 해요?= (Talking to Dahye) I know he meets a lot of people, but how does he not remember you? 아무리 잘 먹는다지만, 어떻게 피자 세 판을 먹어요? = I know he eats well, but how can he eat three pizzas?

Please note that it sounds more natural to use 아무리 ~아/어/여도 when you talk about you and the listener, though. For example, if you complain about someone who does not call you to your friend, you can say:

아무리 바쁘다지만, 전화는 할 수 있잖아요? = I know he is very busy but he can make a phone call, can’t he?

However, if you are talking directly to the person who does not call you, it is more natural to say:

아무리 바빠도 전화는 할 수 있잖아요? = I know you are very busy but you can make a phone call, can’t you?)

#korean #grammar #verb endings #verbs

~아/어야 하다 / 되다 / 지 / 겠다: To have to

To understand this better, look at the two parts separately:

~아/어/여 + ~야 means “only when ... is done” or “only when you do...”

되다 means “to be done” or “to be possible”, and 하다 means “to do” something

Therefore, when putting 1 and 2 together, it takes the meaning of “only when you do ..., it works / everything is alright”, or “only if ... is done, it is okay”. Thus, by adding ~아/어야 하다 to the end of a sentence, you can create the meaning of “to have to” or “must”

저는 밥을 먹어야 해요= I have to eat 지금 공부해야 해요= I have to study now 집에 가야 해요 = I have to go home

In English, the words “must/have to” and “should” have different meanings. Using “must” might feel stronger to an English speaker, but the end result of using these effectively express the same meaning. In Korean, ~아/어야 하다 (and other similar forms) can be translated to “must/have to” or “should.”

대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to University, you must study hard = If you want to go to University, you have to study hard = If you want to go to University, you should study hard

친구를 만나러 지금 가야 해요 = I have to go now to meet my friend 제 말에 동의해야 해요 = You need to agree with what I’m saying 먹어야 해서 늦게 왔어요 = I was late because I had to eat 이 일을 끝내고 싶으면 우리는 협조해야 해요 = If you want to finish this work, we need to cooperate TV를 켜고 싶으면 이거를 TV에 연결해야 해요 = If you want to turn on the TV, you need to connect this thing to the TV 이 책을 읽은 후에 제자리에 둬야 해요 = After reading the book, you have to put it back in the right place 우리 아들이 핸드폰을 많이 쓰고 있어서 핸드폰을 뺏어야 할 거 같아요 = Our son is using his cell-phone a lot, so we’ll probably have to take it away from him

Replacing 하다 with 되다 in ~아/어야 하다 can be done with no difference in meaning, except that 되다 is more commonly used in colloquial situations and in speech.

우리는 빨리 가야 돼 = We have to go fast 울타리를 넘어야 돼요 = We need to go over the fence 직장에서 성숙해게 행동해야 돼요 = You need to act maturely at work 시력이 안 좋아서 안경을 써야 돼요 = My eyesight isn’t good so I have to wear glasses 실제 나이를 말해야 돼요 = You need to say your real/actual age 성공하고 싶으면 매일 열심해 일해야 돼요 = If you want to succeed, you need to work hard every day 모든 사람들은 왕비가 하는 말을 동의해야 돼요 = Everybody has to agree with what the queen says 영어 문법을 공부할 때 예외를 그냥 다 외워야 돼요 = When you study English grammar, you just need to memorize all of the exceptions 결과를 발표하기 전에 자료를 검토해야 돼요 = Before announcing the results, we need to examine the data

You can conjugate 하다 or 되다 at the end of the clause to reflect that something “had to have” happened or “will have to” happen.

그때 열심히 일해야 됐어요 = At that time I had to work really hard 복사기를 수리해야 됐어요 = We had to repair the photocopier 시력이 워낙 안 좋아서 화며에 가까이 있어야 했어요 = My eyesight isn’t good, so I had to be close to the screen

10분 후에 가야 할 거예요 = We will have to go in 10 minutes 그 이를 뽑어야 될 거 같아요 = We will probably have to pull out that tooth 신입생들을 위해 선물을 준비해야 될 거야= We will have to prepare a present for the freshmen

~지/죠

It is also possible to use ~지 (or the formal equivalent ~죠) instead of 하다 or 되다. Using ~아/어지/죠 like this is mostly done in conversation.

우리는 빨리 가야지! = We have to go fast! 우리는 빨리 가야죠! = We have to go fast!

먹어야지! = You have to eat! 신입생들한태 반말을 해야지 = You should speak in 반말 to the freshmen students 운명을 믿어야지 = You need to trust (in) fate 조개를 넣어야지 = You need to put clams in 영웅은 왕비를 설려야지 = The hero should save the queen

~아/어야겠다

When conjugating these sentences to the future, you can attach ~겠다 to the final verb. ~아/어야 하겠다 is often shortened to ~아/어야겠다 in speech.

밥을 먹어야( 하)겠다 = I will have to eat (rice)

The translation of “I will have to…” doesn’t perfectly reflect the purpose of this construction. To fully understand ~아/어/여야겠다, you need to understand ~겠~ really well first.

~겠~ is used to express your assumption or intention or to ask someone about their intention.

~아/어/여야 하다 = to have to ~겠~ = show of assumption/intention → ~아/어/여야겠다 = I guess I will have to; it looks like I need to; I understand that I should

~아/어/여야겠다 is used to say “I guess I will have to…” or “I need to…” Basically, you are making an assumption about what needs to be done. It is also used to express what you think needs to be done, after receiving some new information or signal that is causing you to say this sentence. When used in the latter sense, the meaning is often not translated but rather, understood through context.

For example, if you looked at the time and realized you had to go:

나는 지금 가야겠다 = I’d better get going now = I guess I better go now = I’ll have to go now

And obviously, ~아/어/여야겠다 is only used with action verbs.

우리도 서둘러야겠어요 = (I guess) We should hurry up, too 다시 확인해 봐야겠어요 = (I guess) I will have to check again 품절되기 전에 빨리 주문해야겠어요 = (I guess) We will have to order it quickly before it is sold out 한 시간 정도 기다려야겠어요 = We will have to wait for about an hour 차 막히기 전에 출발해야겠어요 = We will have to leave before the traffic gets bad 그 사실을 부장님께 알려 줘야겠어요 = I’ll have to tell the boss (about) that fact 그녀를 위해 선물을 사야겠어요 = I’ll have to buy her a present 결과를 다시 검토해야겠어요 = We’ll have to examine the results again

잠깐 쉬어야겠다 = I need to take a break for a little while 나중에 먹어야겠다 = I am going to eat it later 나도 이거 사야겠다 = I need to buy this, too 이제 집에 가야겠다 = I need to go home now 남지친구랑 내일 헤어져야겠다 = I’ll have to break up with my boyfriend tomorrow

-지 말아야겠다

~아/어/여야겠다 can be used to express what you think needs to be done, after you see something or get new information. On the contrary, to express what you think should not be done, you can use ~지 말아야겠다, which is a combination of ~지 말다 and ~아/어/여야겠다. You could also say 안 ~아/어/여야겠다 or ~지 않아야겠다 for the same meaning, but -지 말아야겠다 is most commonly used.

이제 플라스틱 빨대를 쓰지 말아야겠어요 = I think I should stop using plastic straws from now 앞으로는 6시에 퇴근하지 말아야겠어요 = I think I should not leave work at 6 o’clock from now on 밤늦게 뭘 먹지 말아야겠다 = I think I should not eat late at night 너무 무리하지 말아야겠다 = I think I should not work too hard/go overboard

필요하다: "To need to"

You can essentially create the same meaning of “I have to” with “I need to” in Korean by using 필요하다. Like 있다, 필요하다 feels like a verb, but is considered an adjective in Korean. This rarely is an issue, except when conjugating to plain (diary) form.

필요한다 필요하다

필요하다 can be used to sentences to have the meaning of “to need.” Again, because this word acts as an adjective, the use of the object particle (~을/를) would be incorrect. Instead, to say that you “need” something, you should add the particle ~이/가 to the noun that you “need.”

나는 밥을 필요하다 (This sentence is incorrect) 나는 밥이 필요하다 = I need food/rice

여지친구가 필요해요 = I need a girlfriend 우리 회사는 새로운 복사기가 필요해요 = Our office needs a new photocopier 그 영화는 영웅 캐릭터가 필요해요 = That movie needs a hero character

~ㄹ/을 필요가 있다/없다: To need to

You can use the noun 필요 (“necessity”) with verbs to create a similar meaning to using ~아/어야 하다.

To say that you “need to” do a verb, you can add ~ㄹ/을 필요가 있다 to the stem of a verb/adjective. 필요 acts as a noun that is being described by a verb. 있다 is then used to indicate that the person “has” that necessity.

밥을 먹을 필요가 있어요 = I need to eat (lit. I have the necessity to eat) 잘 필요가 있어요 = I need to sleep (I have the necessity to sleep)

You can also use 없다 instead of 있다 to indicate that one does not need to do something.

저는 그 여자랑 결혼할 필요가 있어요 = I need to marry that girl 시험공부를 곧 할 필요가 있어 = I need to study soon 강한 캐릭터를 만들 필요가 있어요 = We need to make a strong character 예외를 다 설명할 필요가 있어요 = You need to explain all of the exceptions 제자리에 놓을 필요가 있어요 = You don’t need to put it back in its place 그렇게 가까이 앉을 피료가 없어요 = There’s no need to sit that close 그렇게 할 피료가 없어요 = You don’t need to do it like that

#korean #notes #grammar #endings #verb endings #verbs

#learn korean #korean #grammar #present informal polite ending #verb endings #phrase #what are you doing now #what is it #study korean #study #korean language #language learning #language learning blog #studyblr

다 = verb ending

words that end in 다 (t/da) are a verb...usually

*turns any word into an action*

#grammar rules #learning korean #verb endings #korean

New endings can bring new meanings to words and phrases. These are only a few I’ve written down from the top of my head. These are only quick run overs of these endings, if you have any questions about a specific one or specific ones, please ask! ^ㅁ^ I’d be happy to answer! **please note that these are all informally conjugated. Want to make them formal? Just add 요 to the end!**

VERBS/ADJECTIVES

~자 “let’s…” 가자!~> let’s go!

안~ (negation. Comes before verb/adj) 배가 안고파~> I’m not hungry.

~지 않다 (negation. Comes after verb/adj) 축구를 놀지 않아~> I don’t play soccer⚽️

~고 “…and…” 요리를 하고 먹자!~> let’s cook and eat🍜

~(으)면 “If…” 안먹으면 배고프겠어~> if you don’t eat, you’ll be hungry

~ㅁ/음 (turns into noun) 기쁘다 (to be) happy ~>기쁨 happiness😊

~(으)며/(으)면서 “While…” 친구랑 얘기했으며 웃었어~> while I talked with my friends, I laughed. 😂

~기 전에 “Before …ing…” 먹기 전에 손을 씻었어~> before eating, I washed my hands. 👏

~은/ㄴ 후에 “After…ing…” 학교에 간 후에 피곤했어~> after going to school, I was tired.🏫😴

~던 “used to” (add to present or past conjugated verb/adj) 난 잘생겼던…ㅠ^ㅠ~> I used to be good looking👹

~거든 “Because…” (There are MANY ways to say because. This is just one.) “왜 배고파?”~> why are you hungry? “안먹었거든”~> because I didn’t eat

~고 싶다 “…want to…” (negation: ~고 싶지 않다 “…don’t want to…”)

"학교에 가고 싶어!"~> I want to go to school!

"근데 나는 가고 싶지 않아!"~> But I don’t want to go!

~지마 “don’t…!” 울지마!~> don’t cry!😭

~을/ㄹ 수 있다 “…can…” (negation: ~을/ㄹ 수 없다 “…can’t…”) 요리를 할 수 있어~> I can cook 요리를 할 수 없어~> I can’t cook

~네 (indicates surprise) “음식이 없어”~> there’s no food “응?! 없네?!”~> what?! There’s none (surprised)

~어/아/여야 되다/하다 “…have to/should…” 샤워를 해 야 돼! You should shower🚿 (샤워를 해야 지 is another way, but it is more colloquial and is only used informally)

NOUNS

~만 only 엄마만 자고 있어~> only mom is sleeping 😴 ~도 too/also 아버지도 자고 있어~> father is also sleeping

~전에 before 12시 전에 아침을 먹어 야 해.~> you should eat breakfast before 12. ☕️🍞

~후에 after 학교 후에 숙제를 해.~> after school, do your homework. 📝

~보다 더 more than 너는 나보다 더 좋아~> you’re better than me (literally: you are more good than me)

~하고 and/with 친구하고 영화를 봐~> I watch movies with my friends.

#verb endings #adjective endings #exceptionally-jjang #noun endings #korean #learn Korean #learning Korean #study Korean #Korean study #studying Korean #뽀로로 #pororo #Korean lesson