#verb suffix

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Type 7 Suffixes

Type 7: Aspect

-lI' in progress (the action is in progress or incomplete, with a definite objective) -pu' perfective (the action is completed or finished) -taH continuous (the action is ongoing or continuing) -ta' finished; accomplished (the action has been completed deliberately)

bompu’ She once sang

HeghlI’ It is dying

juntaH He is taking evasive action

jagh vIghangta’ I ended the enemy

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Type 1 Verb Suffixes

Type 1: Reflexive

-chuq each other; one another

This suffix indicates that the action of the verb affects a plural subject, and indicates that the verb is being done by the subjects to one another. The verb prefix must have a plural subject and no object (such as ma- or Su-).

-'egh Reflexive herself; himself; myself; oneself; themselves; yourself; yourselves

This suffix indicates that the action of the verb affects the subject. Any prefix used must be one that has no object (such as jI-, bI-, ma- or Su-).

[daily-klingon]

-neS

-neS is the only Type 8 verb suffix. It is an honourific. It is rarely used.

The suffix is used when addressing someone of superior rank, or a high authority in the Klingon hierarchy. Often used in requests (X ‘e’ yIchaw’neS Please do me the honour of permitting me X) it is never used lightly.

-neS has appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation, where Commander William Riker says “nuqneH! qaleghneS!” to Ambassador K’Ehleyr, but it can be used in other similar constructions such as:-

qaqIHneSIt is an honour to meet you for the first time and

SaleghneS It is an honour to see you (plural).

[daily-klingon]

The Indefinite Subject Suffix -lu’

The Type 5 verb suffix -lu’ indefinite subject has special grammatical rules, as outlined in The Klingon Dictionary.

Here is the writeup, from TKD:-

This suffix is used to indicate that the subject is unknown, indefinite, and/or general. Since the subject is always the same (that is, it is always unstated), the pronominal prefixes are used in a different way. Those prefixes which normally indicate first- or second-person subject and third-person singular object (vI-, Da-, wI-, bo-) are used to indicate first- or second-person object. Thus, vI-, which normally means I do something to him/her, when in a verb with -lu' means someone/something does something to me. Similarly, the prefix lu-, which normally means they do something to him/her, becomes someone/something does something to them.

Daqawlu' someone/something remembers you (qaw remember) wIleghlu' someone/something sees us (legh see) Soplu' someone/something eats it (Sop eat)

Verbs with -lu' are often translated into the English passive voice.

Daqawlu' you are remembered wIleghlu' we are seen Soplu' it is eaten

When used with the verb tu' find, observe and a third person singular subject pronoun (0), the resulting verb form tu'lu' someone/something finds it is often translated by English there is.

naDev puqpu' tu'lu' there are children around here, someone/something finds children here

One of the first instances of -lu’ came all the way back in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock:-

batlh Daqawlu’taH You will be remembered with honour (Kruge to Valkris (Note: she is))

Other examples of -lu’ from Star Trek: Discovery:-

jav wen DujlIj Qotlhlu' 'ej tagh noH It has been six months since your ship was disabled and the war began

Analysis

jav wen Six months ago

DujlIj Qotlhlu’ your vessel was disabled

tagh noH the war began

chuqmajDaq Senjaw tu'lu' Shenzhou is within our range

Analysis

chuqmajDaq within our range

Senjaw tu'lu' there is the Shenzhou

QuQmaj DIchu'qa'meH toQDuj wIpoQbogh tu'lu'be' We have no Birds of Prey to jump-start our engines

Analysis

QuQmaj DIchu'qa'meH In order to reactivate our engines

toQDuj wIpoQbogh the Birds of Prey that we require (toQDuj  Bird of Prey)

lonlu'bej,  'a naQtaH cha'puj choHmeH bobcho'Daj It may have been abandoned, but it still has an intact dilithium-processing unit

Analysis

lonlu'bej It has certainly been abandoned (lon abandon (v))

cha'puj choHmeH bobcho'Daj dilithium processing unit (cha’puj dilithium, choH change, alter, bobcho’Daj their module)

‘a naQtaH but it remains intact

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Rovers

-be' not (negates the verb. Do not use with imperative prefixes: use -Qo' instead) -Ha' undo; mis-; de-; dis- (the action is undone, reversed, carried out incorrectly) (always appears right next to the verb, before any other prefixes. Can be used with imperative prefixes) -qu' emphatic well; very; very much (can be used with adjectival verbs) -Qo' don't; won't (negates an imperative command; usually translated by don't. Indicates a refusal with a non-imperative verb, translated by won't) (always placed after every type of suffix except Type 9, which comes after -Qo')

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Type 9 Verb Suffixes

Type 9: Syntactic Markers

-ghach (nominalizer: turns a verb into a noun, e.g. naD commend -> naDghach commendation) (use sparingly) -bogh that, what, where, which, who, whom or whose (relative clause marker) -chugh if (subordinate clause marker) -DI' when; as soon as (subordinate clause marker) -jaj let; may (most often used in toast; verb always comes last in a toast; must never be used with a type 7 suffix) -meH for; for the purpose of; in order to (purpose clause marker) -mo' because (subordinate clause marker) -pa' before (subordinate clause marker) -vIS while (subordinate clause marker: always used along with the Type 7 suffix -taH to form -taHvIS) -wI' one who does; thing which does (nominaliser: converts the verb into a regular noun) -'a' interrogative (the sentence is a question to be answered by yes or no)

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Type 8 Verb Suffixes

Type 8: Honorific

-neS be honoured to This suffix is used to indicate extreme politeness or deference to a superior. It is rarely used. Inappropriate usage can convey a sense of dishonesty or ulterior motives.

[daily-klingon]

Reference - Type 6 Verb Suffixes

Type 6: Qualification

-ba' obviously -bej certainly; undoubtedly -chu' clearly; perfectly -law' seemingly; apparently

nepba’ She is obviously lying

DutIchbej She certainly insulted you

Qu’lIj Daturchu’ You performed your duties perfectly

DaHoHlaw’ I think you killed it / You have apparently killed it