Verbs for "to go" in Istro-Romanian
Today I wanted to write something short. Here is a Venn diagram to explain the differences between these two words in Istro-Romanian. The definitions used were from the dictionary which only translates into Croatian.
Bangla words used (from my own translations):
হাঁটা hãʈa - to walk
যাওয়া jaowa - to go
চলে যাওয়া côle jaowa - to leave, depart, go away
"Hodati" in Croatian means "to walk", from the word "hod" (way, path). Cognate with xoditi in other Slavic languages but "hoditi" is also a word in Croatian with the same meaning.
Ići et poći both mean “to go”.
The Istro-Romanian – Croatian dictionary is very good as it gives many example sentences. In one sentence, we can see the usage of “męre” for the passive voice and honestly, this was my only proof for writing “passive voice” in the diagram:
våca més-a uţisę - krava je bila ubijena - “The cow was killed”
våca mé-s-a uţi-s-ę = cow go-ptc.pst-have.3sg kill-ptc.pst-F
(ptc.pst = past participle; 3sg = 3rd person singular; F = feminine)
Âmnå is cognate with Romanian umbla, and the older version is îmbla, well, according to Wiktionary. And both <î> and <â> make the same sound, it's just the spelling rules which are different between both these languages. The Latin root is ambulāre, giving us English "amble". If the simplifications are to be believed, then this word became "to go" in most other romance languages too:
Vulgar Latin *amnāre < *amlāre -> Spanish, Portuguese andar, Catalan anar, Italian andare
Vulgar Latin *alāre < *amlāre -> French aller
Mę́re is cognate with Romanian merge. Their past participles are més and mers. They come from Latin mergere which gave us English: merge, submerge, immerse (from the past participle)
And here are all the other example sentences mentioned in the dictionary:
âmnå - hodati, ići, poći, cf. Ro. umbla < îmbla < VLa. *amblāre < La. ambulāre
pac a més âm bóskę si ấmnę, si ấmnę, si ấmnę (S) - pa je otišao u šumu te hoda, i hoda, i hoda - he went into the forest and walked, and walked, and walked
i̭é cu bói̭i ócoli âmnåi̭a (S) - on s volovima hodijaše [hodao je] okolo - he walked around with the oxen
pičórle rabę́ za mnå (J) - noge služe za hodanje - legs are for walking
mnåt-a ţúdę vrę́me (S) - hodao je mnogo vremena - he walked for a long time
i̭e mnåt-a priŋ cåsę (J) - on je hodao po kući - he walked around the house
mnåţ cu míre! (J) - idite sa mnom! - come with me!
când a dómnu mnåt pre lúme (J) - kada je Bog hodao po svijetu - when God walked the earth
pócle-m poşnít mnå ân şcólę (J) - poslije sam počeo ići u školu - later, I started going to school
ân şúla âmnå (Ž) - ići (hodati) u školu - to go to school
ấmna åstez ân sâmấń! (Ž) - idi danas na sajam! - go to the market today!
ấmna veɣlʼå åsera čåi̭a! (Ž) - pođi (idi) večeras bdjeti kod [čuvati] oca! - go watch over your father tonight!
ấmnę neberí mę́re! (J) - pođi (idi) nabrati jabuke - go pick apples!
ấmnę ţę́re lúcru! (S) - idi tražiti (idi potraži) posao! - go look for a job!
ấmnę dúţe o cåplʼe de vír! (S) - pođi (idi) donesi kap vina! - go fetch a drop of wine!
ấmna acåsa! (Ž) - idi kući! - go home!
av trúdân fost şi cómat″ av âmnåt (Ž) - bio je umoran i jedva je hodao - he was tired and barely walked
i̭ó-m dupa i̭é âmnåt (Ž) - ja sam išao (hodao) za njim - I walked after him
tú ấmnę din ói̭! (J) - ti idi po ovce (za ovcama)! - go get the sheep!
ấmna-m din préftu! (Ž) - idi mi po svećenika [da me ispovijedi]! - go fetch me a priest [to confess me]!
ấm-nę din åbę! (J), ấmna a åpa! (Ž) - idi po vodu! - go get water!
ấmna a lę́mne! (Ž) - idi po drva! - go get wood!
dupa žénsca âmnå (J) - udvarati se ženskoj - to court a woman
ấmnę t″å de la míre! (J) - odlazi od mene! - get away from me!
mę́re - ići, poći; otići - to go, to leave; to depart
mę́re zós (S) - silaziti, sići - to go down, to descend
mę́re t″å (J) - odlaziti, otići - to leave, to depart
mę́re pre pír (J) - ići na svadbu - to go to a wedding
mę́re la soldåţ (J) - ići u vojsku - to go to the army
mę́re durmí (J) - ići spavati - to go to sleep
mę́re réńt″e cu stórii̭a (S) - nastaviti s pričom - to continue with the story
mę́re cu corii̭éra (J) - voziti se (putovati [ići]) autobusom - to travel (go) by bus
méri la nói̭ služí! - még ấ. (N) - idi kod nas u službu! - idem [doista]. - go to serve us! - I am going [indeed].
i̭é tíre neputít-a neca méri-ŋ códru (N) - on je tebe nagovorio da ideš u šumu - he convinced you to go into the forest
neca mę́re din lę́mne! (N) - neka ide po drva - let him go for firewood
...se nú mę́re núntru plói̭a (S) - ...da unutra ne ulazi kiša (...kako unutra ne bi ulazila kiša) - ...so that rain does not enter inside (...so that rain does not come inside)
mezén popí uŋ cvartín de vír (S) - idimo popiti četvrt litre vina - let’s go drink a quarter-liter of wine
zénskele mérgu ân basę́rikę (S) - žene idu u crkvu - women go to church
nói̭ an més de cåsę (K) - mi smo otišli od kuće - we left home
mulʼę́ra sáca zí di la un vârhíţ mežę́i̭a şpii̭ę́i̭ ke i̭e víre (S) - žena je svaki dan odlazila s jednoga vršića uhoditi da ([li]) on dolazi - every day the woman left from a certain vantage point to spy on whether he was coming
se i̭ó mesér cu i̭élʼ,... (S) - ako ja pođem s njima - if I go with them
våca més-a uţisę (S) - krava je bila ubijena - the cow had been killed
més-am târlínda cåsę (S) - trčeći sam otišao kući - I ran home
i̭úvę cu drácu més-a lʼépuru! (K) - kamo se do vraga djenuo zec! - where the hell did the rabbit go!
References
ambulo - Wiktionary, the free dictionary. (n.d.). Wiktionary. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambulo#Latin
Vlaški/Žejanski/Istro-Romanian – Croatian Dictionary. (n.d.). https://www.vlaski-zejanski.com/en/rjecnik
