Reform for a Broken System
Recently, throughout the United States there has been great discussion about the structure of prisons and whether the system poses as an effective form of rehabilitation for offenders. While reviewing the statistics, money funneled into the program, and psychological benefits, the results are alarming. The questions at hand are, “Why does the United States hold the number one ranking for most incarcerated people,” and “How can we stop this revolving door system?” The outcomes to these issues will not be easy to rectify, however it’s time that officials start to recognize that the United States prison system is a flawed system that fails when it comes to rehabilitating offenders, however with heavy efforts, the change can be accomplished to halt this issue from progressing any further.
Former President, Barack Obama once said, “The United States is home to 5% of the world’s population, but 25% of the world’s prisoners. Think about that,” and when being provided alarming statistics such as the ones above, there is nothing left to do but step back and evaluate how the United States landed such a remarkably high number of inmates (“13th” 00:00:08). Starting in 1972, the United States only had a total of 300,000 prisoners, and today that number has reached over 2.3 million. Believed by many, mass incarceration started in the 1970’s and has been an exponentially growing issue over the last forty years (“13th” 00:00:50). The fabric of America is sketched by our pride in freedom, however yet we hold the number one spot for the most incarcerated citizens. Statistics are evident, which provide a solid foundation for officials to admit there is a problem, however, achieving that admission is another obstacle.
How does the United States manage to properly care for 2.3 million inmates, you ask? They don’t. Medical professionals have admitted time and time again that the United States prison system is not psychologically benefitting to inmates (Sindicich et al). During a man or woman’s stay in prison, 90% of those individuals will endure some sort of trauma (Sindicich et al). While most inmates have some sort of addiction or mental disorder, it’s been speculated that prisons do not have firm guidelines in place to ensure inmates are receiving the proper care (“Solitary Confinement is Torture”). Some may say, “Why waste the money on these criminals,” however, at some point a majority of inmates will be stamped with “timed served” and it would be reassuring to know that prisons are taking the time to properly rehabilitate inmates before preparing them for the world outside of a cell. Society does not have much compassion when it comes to newly released inmates; stereotyping can easily be stemmed from one’s past, especially when known that an individual had been incarcerated for any amount of time (Schlumpf 21-23). If proper structure was established for inmates, treatment would be able to be administered as well as proper diagnosis to those who have underlying issues that may have not been acknowledged prior to being incarcerated. According to a study in 2017 conducted on a Rhode Island prison, 90% of the male inmate population had an unaddressed past trauma (Tyler et al. A.18). Due to the lack of preparation for inmates to be released back into society, this poses even more threats for future situations. A negative combination of an ill-prepared individual, who typically is re-entering a financially strained situation only contributes to a cycle where an inmate will typically land back in the custody of law officials and back in a cell. Even if an inmate does not make their way back to prison, they’re 14% less likely to be able to provide financial support for their family (Tyler et al. A.18). There are countless gray areas when it comes to the prison system, however a significant improvement that could easily be established is designing guidelines to ensure that inmates are not ill-prepared, but and are self-aware of any preexisting mental conditions they may possess and how they can actively treat themselves.
The 13th Amendment in the United States Constitution could possibly be one of the most controversial amendments within our Constitution. The amendment states the following:
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction (US Constitution. Amendment XIII).
This amendment was voted in favor by 68% of the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865 (“Primary Documents in American History”). This Amendment has relation to the prison reform issue at hand due to the fact the forms of punishment in prison are currently comparable to slavery and torture. The 13th Amendment formally bans slavery, however the clause of the Amendment delegates that if a person is a convicted criminal, they will lose their constitutional rights, therefore leaving them in the relentless hands of the prison system in the United States. Only then any prison inmates can be forced to complete any form of occupation from making lingerie for multi-billion-dollar companies to making military weapons for long hours and little pay (Benns 2015). In the event an inmate chose to be disobedient, they can face different punishments but the most commonly known repercussion is solitary confinement (“Solitary Confinement is Torture”). When an inmate is sentenced to solitary confinement they are secluded to a single sell up to twenty-two hours a day (“Solitary Confinement is Torture”). Due to prison reform sparking a national debate, some prisons have taken steps to manage time spent in solitary confinement more closely to ensure that 7% of the prison population isn’t susceptible to the same extensive lengths in solitude (“Solitary Confinement is Torture”). Solitary confinement aside from hard labor can hinder on an offender’s ability to re-enter society with a peaceful transition (“Solitary Confinement is Torture”). To rectify this major dilemma, it’s crucial to establish more effective forms of punishment and limit the hours of labor an inmate may work. The modification of the current structured state of the prison system is a viable aspect that could progressively halt the revolving door that potentially lands inmates back into custody of law enforcement.
In conclusion, to achieve prison reform it’s possible that a small army would only be capable of creating such significant changes. To ensure changes can be made to improve the conditions of our prisons, it’s crucial to be involved with your government, whether it be locally, state-wide, or nationally. The evidence of the significant population, psychological damage, and poor conditioning structure is clear, but the rebuilding of a broken system will be the step that can correct a national epidemic that will ensure safety and a potentially better environment for future generations.









