The Biomics

Revolutionising Life Sciences

[thebiomics]

A Webinar on Designer Crops scheduled at 11:00AM on July 25th, 2020. Registration is free for Indian and international students. Certificate will awarded to all the registered participants. 

For more details visit http://bi0.in/n575?sH=tw3.

[thebiomics]

Hungry hormone Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced and released mainly by the stomach with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas and brain. Ghrelin has numerous functions. It is termed the 'hunger hormone' because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake and promotes fat storage. #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL #hungry #food #brain #insulin https://www.instagram.com/p/CISA0WYjDRb/?igshid=1n0a4det6gq39

[thebiomics]

COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms, septic shock, and severe multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease. Moreover, rational management of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, may be key to successful treatment.  More details DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2 #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL https://www.instagram.com/p/CICjXqUjyeC/?igshid=jgcbd7del9uk

[thebiomics]

Monoclonal Antibody Production The traditional monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process usually starts with generation of mAb-producing cells (i.e. hybridomas) by fusing myeloma cells with desired antibody-producing splenocytes (e.g. B cells). These B cells are typically sourced from animals, usually mice. After cell fusion, large numbers of clones are screened and selected on the basis of antigen specificity and immunoglobulin class. Once candidate hybridoma cell lines are identified, each "hit" is confirmed, validated, and characterized using a variety of downstream functional assays. Upon completion, the clones are scaled up where additional downstream bioprocesses occur. A typical monoclonal antibody production process   Immunization of mice & isolation of splenocytes - Mice are immunized with an antigen and later their blood is screened for antibody production. The antibody-producing splenocytes are then isolated for in vitro hybridoma production. Preparation of myeloma cells - Myeloma cells are immortalized cells that, once fused with spleen cells, can result in hybridoma capable of unlimited growth. Myeloma cells are prepared for fusion. Fusion - Myeloma cells and isolated splenocytes are fused together to form hybridomas in the presence of polyehthylene glycol(PEG), which causes cell membranes to fuse. Clone screening and picking - clones are screened and selected on the basis of antigen specificity and immunoglobulin class. Functional characterization - Confirm, validate and characterize (e.g. ELISA) each potentially high-producing colony. Scale up and wean - Scale up clones producing desired antibodies and wean off selection agent(s). Expansion - Expand clones producing desired antibodies (e.g. bioreactors or large flasks). #antibody #MAB #hybridoma #immunology #ELISA #antigen #mouse #clone #cloning https://www.instagram.com/p/CIDm6JADFl6/?igshid=15trwggzh99c2

[thebiomics]

Cell Morphology of intracellular membranes revealed by in situ cryo–electron tomography. This 3D segmentation of a cellular tomogram contains a representative Golgi stack: cis cisternae (green), cis vesicles (light green), medial cisternae (magenta), medial vesicles (light pink), the trans cisterna (blue), trans vesicles (light blue), and the trans Golgi network (purple). The endoplasmic reticulum is highlighted in yellow. Other membranes, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complexes, and ribosomes are shown in gray. Credit: Science Journal Comment your favourite organelle Just amazing image #cell #cell3D #nucleus #golgi #protein #biology #biochemistry #physics #mathematics #maths #chemistryteachers #biochemistry #biochem #bioquimica #medicalscience #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #cellbiology #cellularbiology #molecularbiology https://www.instagram.com/p/CIGMQw1D1C8/?igshid=1xga4gytg8uxz

[thebiomics]

🔬The liver cells, known as hepatocytes, are at the root of the highest number of metabolic functions. They’re what invoke protein synthesis, carbohydrates metabolism, bile acid, lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol synthesis, proper detoxification of exogenous and endogenous substances. When they’re deformed, fibrotic, or necrotic, you tend to show up with symptoms that otherwise wouldn’t be traceable to a malfunctioning group of hepatocytes. Things such as adrenal insufficiency, fat indigestion, fatigue, low free T3, low testosterone and believe me, a whole encyclopedia worth of conditions. The main one I’ll discuss is known as the spectrum of NAFLD. Which stands for non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The reason for the emphasis on this one is because of the prevalence of just how many people NAFLD affects. ▪️Epidemiological data states about 20% of the U.S. populations’ got it. 90% of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery have been found to have its more sinister version - NASH. 80% of metabolic syndrome patients have it. Think obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease (Leoni, S, et al. 2018.) ▪️Medications such as Tamoxifen, NSAIDS, amiodarone, methotrexate, all induce it. Metabolic abnormalities like homocystinuria. Wilson’s disease due to copper toxicity, celiac spruce and hemachromatosis all can induce it. ▪️Fructose in the form of high fructose corn syrup, added sucrose, fruits themselves at around, to over, 40% caloric intake is a major pathophysiological route for fatty liver. This is how: Excess fructose gets metabolized via the fructokinase pathway depleting ATP, resulting in nucleotide turnover, Uric acid formation which mediates fat accumulation through increases denovo lipogenesis. Alterations in gut microbiota produce endotoxins that trigger further inflammatory effects via the portal vein, leading to stellate cells coming out of their quiescent state, releasing fibrotic factors that create fibrosis in the sinusoids of the liver. Destroying hepatocytes, impairing bile flow, generating cholestasis. Lipolysis is prevented from occurring, leptin resistance develops over time, leading to excessive caloric consumption. Credit @thucydide https://www.instagram.com/p/CIIzYGdj7eL/?igshid=10cgzjervit7h

[thebiomics]

#REPOST How cool is this time lapse #video showcasing crane fly meiosis!? Images were captured every 15 seconds for 35 minutes of cell division. Credit: Dr. James LaFountain Credit @olympuslifescience Comment your thoughts Follow @thebiomics for daily science learning #olympus #microscopy #microscope #microscopic #micro #microscopes #nature #science #research #optics #imaging #objective #cell #cells #photooftheday #fly #insect #timelapse #video #photomicrograph #🔬 https://www.instagram.com/p/CILVftZjZRj/?igshid=cc1y2gbjp3u2

[thebiomics]

𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗮𝗿𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗖𝘆𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗼𝗻 Zoom and see The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. It was once thought that prokaryotic cells did not possess cytoskeletons, but advances in visualization technology and structure determination led to the discovery of filaments in these cells in the early 1990s.Not only have analogues for all major cytoskeletal proteins in eukaryotes been found in prokaryotes, cytoskeletal proteins with no known eukaryotic homologues have also been discovered. Cytoskeletal elements play essential roles in cell division, protection, shape determination, and polarity determination in various prokaryotes. 𝗗𝗠 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL https://www.instagram.com/p/CIN6AdqDVD-/?igshid=1o90izxtmzvmi

[thebiomics]

HIV life cycle The series of steps that HIV follows to multiply in the body. The process begins when HIV encounters a CD4 cell. The seven steps in the HIV life cycle are: 1) binding; 2) fusion; 3) reverse transcription; 4) integration; 5) replication; 6) assembly; and 7) budding. Several kinds of immune cells have proteins on their surface, called CD4 receptors. HIV searches for these because the CD4 protein helps the virus bind to the cell. The main target for HIV is a white blood cell called a T4 lymphocyte, or “T helper cell”. The T4 cell is responsible for warning your immune system that there are invaders present. Once HIV binds to an immune cell, it hides its DNA inside the cell’s DNA: This turns the cell into a sort of HIV factory so it can make many more copies of itself. Let’s look at the life cycle step by step. Step 1: Binding The outside of HIV has an outer shell (envelope) of proteins, fats and sugars. Inside, it carries its genes and special enzymes. Proteins on the outside of HIV (also called receptors) are strongly attracted to and connect to the CD4+ receptors on a T4 cell. When HIV binds to a CD4+ receptor, other proteins on the cell’s surface get activated, allowing HIV to fuse to and enter the cell. Entry into the cell can be blocked by a class of HIV meds called entry inhibitors. Step 2: Reverse Transcription HIV’s genes are RNA while the genes inside human cells are DNA. So, in order for the virus to infect the cell, a process called “reverse transcription” makes a DNA copy of the HIV’s RNA. This is done with one of HIV’s enzymes called reverse transcriptase. The new HIV DNA is also called “proviral DNA.” Reverse transcription can be blocked by one class of HIV meds called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and another class called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Step 3: Integration The new HIV DNA is then carried into the cell’s nucleus (center), where the cell’s DNA is kept. At this point, another HIV enzyme called integrase hides the HIV DNA into the cell’s DNA. Then, when the cell tries to make new proteins for itself, it accidentally makes new HIV. #hiv #aids #aidsday https://www.instagram.com/p/CIPgjkVDp-s/?igshid=7e79hoe1k30y

[thebiomics]

Mathematics Quiz Registration Link in Bio INR- 5000 cash prize 21st Dec #quiz #maths #mathmemes #mathapatti #mathproblems #mathematics #math #mathjokes #mathstudent #biology https://www.instagram.com/p/CIQuT8KD_UX/?igshid=1jdxhkera44bc

[thebiomics]

Hungry hormone Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced and released mainly by the stomach with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas and brain. Ghrelin has numerous functions. It is termed the 'hunger hormone' because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake and promotes fat storage. #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL #hungry #food #brain #insulin https://www.instagram.com/p/CISA0WYjDRb/?igshid=1n0a4det6gq39

[thebiomics]

Answer the questions Answer- First of all, organellar mRNAs are not capped. Secondly, the capping of nuclear-encoded mRNA is a coordinated process conducted during transcription by an enzyme complex. Capping has several other 'benefits' beyond mRNA stability, one being ensuring that the mRNA gets exported from the nucleus. In fact the only 'stabilizing' effect of capping of mRNA is that the 5' end of the capped mRNA is protected from 5' exonucleases; clearly once in the cytosol mRNAs do eventually get degraded by nucleases. Ribosomal RNAs are processed into their mature forms and assembled into their ribosomal subunits within the nucleus and are then exported. tRNAs are processed from a primary transcript (as with the large ribosomal RNAs), and cytosolic tRNAs at least are also quite heavily nucleoside-modified; in addition tRNAs have extensive secondary structure, which in itself makes them resistant to ribonuclease degradation. tRNA and rRNA have other modifications #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL https://www.instagram.com/p/CITTjUbDttL/?igshid=u9pldwjqfdw6

[thebiomics]

Human Development Credit: Gilbert, Scott. Developmental Biology, 9th Edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc., 2010. Video by: Tabletop whale https://www.instagram.com/reel/CIXIaQTjZjy/?igshid=fu9837s4if9s

[thebiomics]

Human Development Credit: Gilbert, Scott. Developmental Biology, 9th Edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc., 2010. Credit:tabletop whale #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #biotechnology #biology #science #biochemistry #microbiology #molecularbiology #cellbiology #microscope #scientist #scientists #genetics #immunology #metabolism #nutrition #CSIR #NEET #MCAT #GRE #TOEFL https://www.instagram.com/p/CIXJclaj8uq/?igshid=1qkj2qo6yfunq

[thebiomics]

The essential Proteins for Covid-19 Research, Diagnosis and Medication  COVID-19 is (most likely) the year defining topic of 2020, even beyond life sciences and medicine. Trying to find a working treatment for the disease is crucial and Cube Biotech @cubebiotech contributes to the global research.  -SARS-CoV2 infection scheme: First the surface protein of the Coronavirus called SPIKE is processed through a proteolytic cleavage by the cell surface serine protease TMPRSS2. This brings the SPIKE protein into its active state in which it can interact with the cell surface receptor and metallocarboxypeptidase ACE2. This subsequently leads to the fusion on the virus membrane with the cell membrane similar to a vesicular import. This way the infection viral RNA genome enters the cell. -SPIKE: SARS-CoV-2's key into our cells. -ACE2 and TMPRSS2 - COVID-19's involuntary helpers ACE2 “receptor,” the protein provides the entry point for the coronavirus to hook into and infect a wide range of human cells. TMPRSS2 Activates the Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response -Cube Biotech supports the COVID-19 Researchers across the globe by providing the High Quality and the Best in Class Products for your Research requirement. As leading experts in the field of membrane protein stabilization and solubilization it is a logical step for us to provide you with aliquots of pure & full length ACE2 , SPIKE and TMPRSS2 protein in MSP and synthetic nanodiscs. SPIKE - Full-Length & Complete by Cube Biotech Right now, the lifescience market is flooded with coronavirus protein offers. But our own market analysis shows that only fragments or single domains can be obtained from other competitors. As experts for membrane proteins we successfully stabilized the full-lenght trimeric version of SARS-CoV-2's SPIKE protein. Cube Biotech is the only company that offers the full-length trimeric & active version. Therefore Cube Biotech comes the closest to the native SPIKE proteins structure. #cubebiotech #biotech #biotechnology #protein #proteins #molecularbiology #molbio #lab #laboratory #labequipment #biotech #lifescience https://www.instagram.com/p/CIXkMRJDxmv/?igshid=1q7yt3651y4k0

[thebiomics]

Comment below Countdown started Can you guess? #GeneticEngineering #MolecularBiology https://www.instagram.com/p/CHfTMbuDcda/?igshid=r5vcp4l2t3yz

[thebiomics]

Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. Risk factors The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver cancer, is higher in people with long-term liver diseases. It's also higher if the liver is scarred by infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in people who drink large amounts of alcohol and who have an accumulation of fat in the liver. Diagnosis Tests and procedures used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma include: Blood tests to measure liver function Imaging tests, such as CT and MRI Liver biopsy, in some cases, to remove a sample of liver tissue for laboratory testing The vast majority of HCC occurs in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic and many are infected from birth. The incidence of HCC in the United States and other developing countries is increasing due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections. It is more common in males than females for unknown reasons. #biology #biochemistry #physics #mathematics #maths #chemistryteachers #biochemistry #biochem #bioquimica #covid #corona #medicalscience #thebiomics #biomedicalscience #cellbiology #cellularbiology #molecularbiology #glycolysis #metabolicpathways #mcat #mcatprep https://www.instagram.com/p/CCygVC8DpgI/?igshid=18b02zqlgxlvn