Native American Confederacies:
Haudenosaunee: Also known as the Iroquois Confederacy or the Six Nations, consist of the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and later, Tuscarora. They were formed prior to European contact, and their form of government started by the Great Law of Peace was used as a Model for that of the United States Constitution. Oral tradition suggests the confederacy was formed before an eclipse circa the early 12th century.
The Triple Alliance: Later known as the Aztec Empire, was formed in 1428 under the leader Itzcoatl, wherein the Mexica formed a three-way alliance with the Texcocans and the Tacubans to defeat their most powerful rivals for influence of the region. They later became a dominant force ruling over multiple tribes and political factions until the invasion by the Spanish.
Powhatan Confederacy: Created in the late 16th century, was founded by Paramount Chief Wahunsenacah (Father of Matoaka, also known as Pocahontas), affiliating some 30 tribes in Virginia, creating the Powhatan Confederacy. Each tribe was led by a weroance that paid tribute to the Paramount Chief and allied together politically, economically, and militarily. Affiliated tribes included the Pamunkey, Patawomeck, Quiyoughcohannock, Chesapeake, Appomattock, Kiskiak, Mattaponi, Rappahannock, Werowocomoco, and more.
Iron Confederacy: political and military alliance of individual tribes against common enemies, membership included the Cree, Stoney, Metis, Saulteaux, and Nakota. It is unknown when it was first founded, but it existed at the arrival of settlers during the early 17th century and likely was created earlier.
Wabanaki Confederacy: Made up of the Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, and Western Abenaki, this alliance was formed due to the common enemy of the English colonizers, whom they would go to war with in the First Abenaki war, which was then ended with the Treaty of Casco. They incorporated political elements from neighboring confederacies, such as the use of wampum for treaties, and they have their own symbol for the alliance.
Oceti Sakowin: known as the Seven Council Fires, (Titunwan, Yankton, Yanktonai, Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute, & Sisseton) is and was an alliance of Peoples divided into 3 ethnic groups, the Lakota, the Eastern & Western Dakota. Around 1300 AD, after years of moving from their ancestral lands of the central Mississippi Valley region, they adopted the characteristics of a northern tribal society and became known as the Seven Council Fires. Their battles against colonizers are some of the most well known, such as the Battle of Little Big Horn.
Blackfoot Confederacy: Is made up of 4 Nations with the same language. The Nations have their own governments, but banded together in political, spiritual, and social alliance. The affiliated tribes are the Siksika, Kainai, Peigan, and Pikani, and later, Tsuu T’ina was added to the confederacy. Their territory stretched from along the North Saskatchewan River in Canada to the Yellowstone River in Montana, and within the Rocky Mountains. They were known as a formidable alliance, often going to war with the Iron Confederacy.
Wampanoag Confederacy: Once a loose Confederation in the early 17th century, now one consisting of 10 tribes, are and were an alliance of multiple Peoples in Southern Massachussetts and Rhode Island, including the Chappaquiddick, Nantucket, Mashpee, Patuxet, Assawompsett Nemasket, Pocasset, Pokanoket, Nauset, Herring Pond, and Aquinnah. Being located on the Eastern coast of the United States, they were some of the first to meet colonists in the United States, and suffered casualities of illness, and resisted Colonization such as with King Phillip’s war.
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