#MoreThanEntertainment

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https://soundcloud.com/charles-tipton-475610527/dane-jackson-1

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Citation:

Squires, C. R. (2009). African Americans and the media. Cambridge: Polity

Dates, J. L., & Barlow, W. (1993). Split image: African Americans in the mass media. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press.

Caged Bird- J Cole ft Omen [Advertisement]. (2015, December 7). Retrieved April 20, 2016, from https://youtu.be/FjstZDSKI9o

Effects:

Amplifier

Fade In

Fade Out

Noise

Echo

Music: 

100 - The Game ft. Drake

Caged Birds - J. Cole ft. Omen

Books / Essay:

African Americans and the Media

War on Images

[tretip01-blog]

https://soundcloud.com/charles-tipton-475610527/black-slaved-mind-1

[blacktechne]

Africa Twitter and the hashtag system

After reading this paper, I realize African Twitter and social media shares many similarities with Black Twitter. Due to the fact that Africa is often technologically behind in the way of media like news or mobile devices that have the ability to alert individuals of news constantly, Africans use the hashtag system on social media to communicate events that are of importance or significance. In the paper they group the influential hashtags into five groups: “global media events; culture and everyday life; crisis intervention; governance; and protest movements”. The same can be said for Black Twitter.  For global media events we actually adopt hashtags from “Africa Twitter” such as #PrayforSudan, #BringBackOurGirls, #WorldCup or #PrayForNigeria, just to name a few. The Black American population often adopt what is going on in Africa because, at the end of day, we come together in solidarity to help our black brothers and sisters. We also utilize hashtags such as #BlackLivesMatter or #JusticeForTrayvon. The next similarity that we share is culture and everyday life. The #GrowingUpAfrican hashtag was also circulating in America among African people that lived here. As someone who is African, I can personally say I have used many of the Africa Twitter Hashtags, for example #JollofWars or #NigerianJollofvsGhanaianJollof. These hashtags make this into mainstream media, which is the purpose of this. As for American culture and everyday life, Black Twitter uses things like #AskRachel or #GrowingUpBlack to unite the community. Africa Twitter also uses crisis intervention like the #BringBackOurGirls hashtags mentioned above or the #Ebola. Black twitter also uses these, along with ones of our own like #Zika or #SandraBland.  Both Africa twitter and black twitter also utilizes governance hashtags, as you can see throughout the current election. Even politicians use them to attract younger voters. Finally, like the Africa twitter hashtag #BringBackOurGirls, Black twitter also uses things like “Justicefor[insert name], or #NoJusticeNoPeace. There are many similarities in the way both Africa Twitter and Black Twitter utilize social media to create a niche to get their message out there. Social media forces us to be confronted with the issues going on in other countries or amongst minorities, and Africa twitter is the perfect example of how a continent can force people to listen.

Are there any other ways that we use social media to mobilize and unite that have not been mentioned above? Or can there be a downside to this hashtag system?

-Lorraine Scott

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It seems like both twitters have major impacts in the world. Also keep people more updated with the black world.

[saleem6-blog1]

Black Twitter

When joining twitter did not really understand how it worked it took time to get the hang of it but once i started getting used to it I started to realize how powerful it is. I started to realize how easily a tweet that you post or a point that you make could be seen all around the world, changing somebody’s perspective that you have never met on something you may feel very strongly about. This is what Brock is trying to tell us in this reading “The Back hand side: Twitter as a cultural conversation. Brock talks about twitter and how powerful it really is amongst the black community, how black twitter uses certain hashtags and language amongst ourselves in ways of communicating with each other all around the world. A prime example of this would be the #BlacklivesMatter hashtag. This hashtag might be one of the strongest hashtags on twitter because it unites a race of people all around the world that are being subjectified and discriminated against. 3 words that allow our black community stand as one and fight something that we have been fighting since slavery. Another point Brock talks about is how people outside of the black community that may not understand black twitter try and twist it around making it seem like something its not, trying to discredit black twitter making it seem as if it is a group of people discussing nonsense, when thats not the case at all. To bring this to an example I have white friends that tell me they feel that it is wrong that black people tweet #BlackLivesMatter all the time because all lives matter not just black peoples. But when you really think about it do all lives matter? I had to explain to him this is a hashtag that speaks volumes throughout the world. African Americans had been discriminated against in america since the moment we were brought here on slaves ships up until this very day. Racism might have progressed but is still extremely prevalent in the world today and this is shown through the way african americans are treated by lawenforcement, young black men getting shot and beat by the cops for no reason at all, simply because a cop may have felt thretened. African americans believe it or not still being discriminated against in schools as well as job interviews. No matter how much people want it to be equal, black lives to this day are still not treated equally and #blacklivesmatter is a universal phrase used to show that we are equal and we do matter.

I never really knew what black twitter was until I joined this class and i found it really interesting that i have always been apart of black twitter parcticiating in the language and tweets without even realizing it. It is also amazing how powerful this community is and how big of a force it has as a whole when the whole black twitter unites. I feel that it is very important that black culture stays connected by any means, and twitter has its own way of giving us the ability to stay connected and together as one through black twitter, even when being across the world.

-Saleem Brightwell

[blacktechne]

ESSAY NO. 3 - SALEEM. 

[tretip01-blog]

Black twitter is a powerful way of communicating with the black culture. I feel like it keeps the African American culture close together as people. Black Twitter is something that is becoming more know in the black world and i believe it is great.

[blacktechne]

Music’s Impact on Memory and Space

The author states through the examples of Ellison’s and Martin’s protagonists in I Like it Like That (1994) and “ Living with Music” (1955) how music can be used to create and recreate spaces through sound “as it is articulated at the interstices of the private and social.” Music can be used to block out outside noise and create a personal space and time for the listener or used publicly to transform a space and the listeners experience for either good or bad. Following Jody Berland’s example Weheliye says that unlike the visual, sound is something that the listener is completely immersed in and that it comes from all the directions from the soft and subtle whispers of someone behind us to the annoying clicking of a pen on the table.  Listening to music definitely illuminates Berland’s and Weheliye’s points. The experience of listening to music with headphones versus choosing to play a song on a pair of speakers dramatically changes the experience not just for you, but for other listeners (either directly or indirectly) and the geographic space as a whole. Noting this, sound and sonic space become communal unintentionally at times.  Using a specific technology like speakers, choosing what music to play, where, when, and at what volume has the power to completely change a space.

               This point really stood out to me because music is such an important aspect in black communal activities such as parties, family reunions, and cookouts. The music played can truly impact the success or failure of an event. For instance, everyone will get up, young and old to dance to the Electric Slide where as if some current hip hop music comes on, you’ll see young people dancing while the old folks exchange disgusted looks or roll their eyes probably in shock of how music has changed since they were younger,remembering the soulful and melodic tunes of their youth. This example goes along with Wehliye’s idea that the intimacy and sociality of sound  “highlights the particular manner in which subjects relate to sound in space.” Music ties us to our memories and experience. Even today, hearing a specific song can bring me back to a specific time in my life growing up and all those images flood back into my head. And that again goes along with Weheliye’s quote that, “this quality at once makes the sonic at once more communal because it draws the subject something or someone outside of themselves…in a way that visual items do not.” 

In what other ways do you see the intimacy and sociality of sound in black spaces? (Musical or Otherwise)

-Gabrielle Wynn

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Music brings the light out people and helps people vibe with others. I enjoy this essay because i agree that music ties people to culture.

[blacktechne]

Black Latinos

Afrolatinos occupy a gray area between racial and ethnic backgrounds that myself and most people have probably never considered. While Dates and Barlow in, “War of Images,” present W.E.B Dubois’s idea that African Americans occupy a strange space in which we must have a double consciousness, Violeta Donawa argues that Afrolatinos have a triple consciousness, as their racial identity is complicated by their mixed Latin and African ancestry. In this space that Afrolatinos occupy, there is a struggle as to whether or not they identify with their Latin heritage, African heritage, or try and reconcile the two into one. Afrolatinos, therefore, do not properly fit into any established mold if they choose to proudly embrace both sides of their heritage, as the black community does not fully identify with them, and neither does the Latino community. Because Afrolatinos fall into this gray area, it is necessary for them to come together in their own space where they can proudly identify with whatever heritage(s) they choose and not be judged because of it. This is where the Black Latin@ collective Facebook group that Violeta Donawa speaks of in her thesis, “THE BLACK LATIN@ COLLECTIVE: IDENTITY NEGOTIATION AMONG BLACK LATIN@S ON FACEBOOK,” comes into play.

For the Afrolatinos involved, this Facebook group served as a safe space that I would compare to black twitter. I draw this comparison because in this Facebook group the Afrolatinos involved could talk about issues that were relevant to them, discuss shared experiences and difficulties, and hash out differing opinions with people who could truly relate to their experiences as an outsider, never fully accepted by either of the ethnic groups that they belong to.  

After reading this piece, my eyes were opened to a number of things, one of them being the fact that I utilize the ‘one drop rule’ almost all the time when I am considering somebody who is mixed with multiple races. The one drop rule traces its roots back to slavery, and was created so that mixed race children would inherit the social status of whichever parent belonged to the subordinate social class.  I had never thought about this habit of mine, but now that I am aware of the historical context behind it and how it can affect people, I regret ever having done it. I realize that in doing this, I am invalidating a person’s identity in a way by trying to tell them who they are and what culture and race to identify with.  

Do you guys think that spaces like this facebook group are necessary? For those of you who share multiple ethnic backgrounds, can you relate to this feeling of multiple consciousness that Donawa talks about? Have any of you ever found yourself practicing this one-drop rule?

The link below is to an interesting article about how some Afrolatinos view and describe themselves in census reports.

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/03/01/afro-latino-a-deeply-rooted-identity-among-u-s-hispanics/

- Nate Roper

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Racial differences is something that will be around forever. The fact that people find it necessary to point out those differences amazes me. What is equality anymore? Is there a point to fight for it anymore?

[tretip01-blog]

65 of 80 homicides Black lives

With a whopping 14 homicides occurring in September, making the total, thus far, 80, Allegheny County is on its way to having a more deadly year than in 2014, which had 105. Looking back at …

In recent years the murder rate throughout Pittsburgh has increased by major numbers in the past 3 years. According to Pittsburgh Today “the murder rate for per 100,000 people was 22.4% and had reached a major increase in 2014 to a more frightening 53.4 %.” Numbers of 2015 are still being calculated, but most websites are saying the murder rate has once again increased in the city of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh News Courier states that “out of the 80 homicides calculated so far in the year 2015, 65 of the people have been black people, and 60 out of those 65 black people are men.” The city of Pittsburgh may not have a huge population of people, but the Pittsburgh Today claims that “the city of Pittsburgh is in the top ten for homicides within a city.” Death has seemed to loom over the city of Pittsburgh these past few years at petrifying rates.

Most people say that the homicides are due to street gangs, and the everlasting war on drugs. It is sad to hear that people are dying in the neighborhoods that I grew up in, and places that my family currently live. I talk to my cousins all the time about what Pittsburgh Public schools were like for me. To me it seemed as if it was the “cool thing to do” to go sale drugs, or be a part of a gang, it made life seem like the only way I could gain respect. Seeing what that type of lifestyle has done to my family, I could never let myself be part of that way of living.  I never quite understood why my friends were okay with living that type of lifestyle, but I guess that is something I will never understand. Some of my friends claimed that people kill for revenge, or what someone does to them. I lost my cousin in 2009 because he was a part of that life, but no part of me wanted to avenge his death by killing someone else. I guess the question that is imprinted in my mind is what can we do as communities to make the murder rate in Pittsburgh decline?

~ Tre Tipton

Extra link:

http://www.pittsburghtoday.org/view_MurderMSA.html

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Bibliography:

Bradley, P. (2015) Michael Oher hates ‘The blind side,’ believes it hurt his NFL career. Available at: http://nesn.com/2015/06/michael-oher-subject-of-blockbuster-the-blind-side-hates-the-movie/ (Accessed: 1 March 2016).

Squires, C. (2009) African Americans and the Media. United Kingdom: Polity Press.

Squires, C. (2009) African Americans and the Media. United Kingdom: Polity Press. 

Music: Ultralight Beam Instrumental

Effects: Fade in, Fade out, Amplify, and Noise Effect 

~ Tre Tipton

[blacktechne]

The Oppositional Gaze

Black women have always written little about black female spectatorship towards Hollywood.  Most were aware of the cinematic racism and they never went to the movies expecting to see compelling representations of black femaleness.  Screen images referred to black women as “bitches” or “nags” in the television show Amos ‘n’ Andy, which most black women resented the way that these images could assault black womanhood, the white representation of blackness were laughed at and at the same time being criticized by blacks. Those who enjoyed cinema had to forget critique, racism and even sexism, in the name of an ‘adoring black female gaze… that could bring pleasure in the midst of negation.  For example, Miss Pauline, sitting in the dark must imagine herself transformed, turned in the white women portrayed on screen.  After watching the movies, feeling the pleasure, she said, “But it made coming home hard.”

On the other hand most developed an oppositional gaze, encouraging black women not to accept stereotypical representations in film, but rather actively critique them.  In addition to spectatorship, this article critiques Hollywood’s portrayal of black women and criticizes the lack of more substantial role opportunities.  Black women assumed that white women were also aware of the role of white womanhood.  Mulvey’s essay shows how white women had a particular problem in developing an oppositional gaze arising from their love of cinema whereas black women had already chosen not to be identifying with Hollywood films. This black oppositional gaze offers a critical space to replace the binary oppositions of Mulvey, and a new pleasure too –'the pleasure of resistance, of saying “no”: not to “unsophisticated” enjoyment… but to the structures of power which asks us to consume them uncritically’

At the beginning of the chapter they spoked upon how a “gaze” played a major part in blacks culture identity.  Whites used “gaze” as a way to maintain power over African Americans.  The attempt to repress black people rights to gaze has only produced an overwhelming longing to look.  Through “looking at films with an oppositional gaze, Hooks asserts that those voices that are silenced can develop a realm in which critical judgments and assessments can be made.  This condition does not punish gazing, but rather praises it as an essential element in being able to transform what is into what can and should be.

-Racquel Williams

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The word bitch refers to "female dogs, " which us an animal that people usually havw as pets. I feel females who break from letting themselves be called those names, show great strength. Black girls in film give the outlook that black women are just as strong and good as white woman and males.

[tretip01-blog]

(Charles Tipton)

[blacktechne]

Weekend Update- Updated or Overplayed?

In Squires chapters 5-7 we learn that throughout the 1930s and the 1940s, prejudicial casting practices were used to send messages that reinforced racist ideology in films. Blaxploitation films began in the early 1970s; these action films starred black actors and focused on their adventures in the ghetto. Buddy films paired white and black main characters, and largely relied on racial differences to create a dynamic. 

Much of the media depicting African Americans throughout the 20th century was created as the result of pressure from organizations and legal threats or an attempt to expand revenue. These films, and the media that came before them, had no intention to and largely failed to represent African Americans. Today there are new, cheaper ways of producing content and African American filmmakers are no longer limited to creating solely based off of audience appeal. Squires noted an interesting dichotomy. Although media being produced by black creators has been made more easily accessible as the result of Netflix and the Internet, many of these productions tend to rely on urban stereotypes and largely exclude black women.

I think it is important to recognize and discuss the types of films that were being produced, why they were being produced, and acknowledge that there are examples of these themes still in our media today. Let us take for example the buddy film, which often depicted a leading white male and his black male sidekick. The buddy dynamic still exists today; on the NBC television show Saturday Night Live. Co-hosts of the Weekend Update Michael Che (black) and Colin Jost (white) often rely on their racial differences for much of their material. I’ve linked to a few of their bits relating to race below.

Weekend Update Burger King: https://twitter.com/jdavhill/status/650529174562689024 Jost: “Oh sure, but when I turn black for Halloween I’m setting back race relations.” Che: “I begged you not to do that.”

Weekend Update What You Can Say http://www.hulu.com/watch/695308 Jost: I just feel like I can’t say anything, and you can say everything. Che: There’s things I can’t say, like, “Toodeloo,” or, “Skinny macchiato.” Or, “Thank you for your help, officer.”

Weekend Update Gun Control: http://www.hulu.com/watch/855653 Che: “Which, by the way, if I owned a dozen or so jacked Africans I’d probably want a dozen or so guns too.” *Camera cuts to Jost* Jost: “It’s not supposed to cut to me…” Che: “Oh it is, I told them to do that.”

The segment continues to reveal that while Jost assumes Che doesn’t have a gun, he slips in that he in fact does because he “owns a lot of sneakers”.

In your opinion, are the jokes in these bits problematic? Why were these types of films being produced then? Why are they being produced now? Is it troublesome that our media continues to rely on these themes, or is it just part of the trade?

Since African American creators now have more artistic freedom to produce media, has there been an increase in media that is representative? Is this media making its way into the mainstream?

Jess McDade

[tretip01-blog]

To watch movies that depict black people as weak or powerless or as sidekicks makes me cringe a little bit inside. Also watching movies like the blind side truly shows how america feels about our skin. Michael was a truly intelligent athlete that was potrayed as slightly slow athlete that had to rely on others. Will we ever get out of movie racism?

[sandandglass]

The Daily Show, February 8, 2016

Are you saying that you can’t talk about race issues to Middle America? Are they so delicate and unaware and maybe so white that Beyoncé is too much for them?

You know what’s right in the middle of America? Ferguson, Missouri.

- Jessica Williams 

[tretip01-blog]

The fact Beyoncé is happy to be black and not afraid to show it, opened the eyes to many. Although not all of the eyes that became open. took the time to speak with positive feedback does not mean she is wrong for expressing her love for her race.

[blacktechne]

Throughout the reading of Chapter 5, the primary focus was the significant amount of adversity that African Americans had to overcome with many of the films made in the 20th century.  The major problem that many of these early films documented on was the “romantic version of the Old South and Slavery” that showed African Americans acting as if they enjoyed serving under their slave master.  What really stood out to me when reading this Chapter and what was mentioned in the video in class today was the setting/background and turn out of the film, The Birth of a Nation (1915).  I don’t even know where to start with this film because of how messed up it is on many levels especially the approval of President Woodrow Wilson of the film.  This is literally the President of the United States that is approving this (I couldn’t believe this at all).  It made no sense to me as to why this movie was produced because it only increased racial tensions, protests, violence and it only made the United States a less stable Country.  Another topic that was very controversial in the chapter was the idea of scripts/shots that Black actors chose to participate that themselves and others felt weren’t necessarily reflected back to the African American Community in a good way vs. the rewards you get in the end such as money, cars, other luxuries, etc. To me, I feel that any actor of any race out in the film industry will have times where some of the scenes that they are in aren’t really what they want to be in and that some of their fans would think the same way also.  However, there are times where it gets taken too far such as The Birth of a Nation depicting the Ku Klux Klan expressing violence towards Black Communities in the South. It just all comes down to if it’s worth all the benefits or not in the end and I feel that this type of issue can apply to any race.  Outside of racial issues, their is plenty of stereotypes out there towards groups/individuals that are depicted in film such as religion, ethnicity, sexism and many more that some viewers can have questions for.  I want to know how you guys feel about this topic whether you agree with me or not or other ideas that you wanted to add in.

-Daniel Scovotti

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I do agree that each individual actor can be forced to be in scenes that they do not always agree, but because the money is there, the actors will not hesitate to do the job. I guess in all we are all forced to do things we do not always neccessarily agree with.

[tretip01-blog]

#blackmediastudies

[northgang]

[naija-southern-belle]

So they are basically trying to rub it in the black actors faces by making them present the awards they were snubbed from getting to give to white nominees? How is that going to make it any better ?

[tretip01-blog]

I agree with what Naja saying. I feel how do we grow from hatred, when we continue to be haters ourselves. If you want peace, you have to show peace. To mock other people of different races is the same discrimination that is put on us.

[blacktechne]

A War of Images- BET, Gone with the Wind, and Nicki Minaj

           In the piece A War of Images, Dates and Barlow question and analyze the depiction of African Americans in the media over many decades. They state that the exterior image and interior self are comparable to the interdependent relationship between media and society. What they mean by this is that the way African Americans are depicted by the media (i.e. “thugs” or “gangsters”) may affect the way African Americans feel about themselves. For example, on BET, if there are only movies that show African Americans living with little income or commodities in the Projects, then the young adults watching this TV might feel that they cannot do any better. (file://localhost/(http/::www.colorlines.com:articles:bet-co-founder-says-network-reinforces-negative-stereotypes) On the other hand, however, if there is an expansion of BET films depicting black business men and women or black doctors, then the young child in the Projects watching TV will see that someone who, physically, is like him, can become something highly respected and therefore that child might be inspired to work harder in school.

           Dates and Barlow also mention Sterling A. Brown’s analysis of black portrayal. Brown states that there are vast differences between the way black authors and white authors depict the African American person. He continues to explain that white authors often focus on the stereotypes, which he mentions might be the “contented slave,” “wretched freedman,” “tragic mulatto,” or the “comic Negro.” One specific example that comes to mind is with Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell. In this book, the main character, a white young woman living in the affluent antebellum South, has a black maid. This black maid, Mammy, is depicted by white author Mitchell as a very happy woman serving her masters by cheerfully cooking for them, cleaning for them, and even raising the children (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ7r2OVu1ss). In reality, life as a black maid, I’m sure, wasn’t as glamorous or wonderful as depicted in the novel.

           Another common stereotype of the African American, both males and females, is that they are highly sexualized. A traditional tale is one of the Hottentot Venus, who was a woman from a tribe in Africa in which the women had very large buttocks. This was part of their anatomy and was considered normal in their culture. When white European settlers saw the Hottentot Venus, as they named her, she was invited to Europe “on a trip,” but really what the white men wanted was to exploit her unique form as a sexual object in a circus show of “freaks.” I took Introduction to the African American Family last semester and my professor made the surprising link that many black media figures (notably Nicki Minaj) are altering their appearances to look more sexualized (i.e. have a bigger buttocks). This was quite shocking to me because I never realized that this was a subtle nod to the Hottentot and an African historical figure showing the exploitation of blacks (http://sites.williams.edu/rm5/the-hottentot-venus/ ). I’m sure Nicki Minaj didn’t know about the history when she made the choice to get implants, but it goes along with the, now idealized by many young girls, portrayal of successful African American women as sexual in nature.

[blacktechne]

Awesome, okay, we’re started. please reblog and make comments. 

[blacktechne]

I like the examples you drew from history and media (books, music videos, films). The constant barrage of Black stereotypes by the white majority definitely has an enormous effect on the way Black youth see themselves, but I’m not sure I would go so far as to call it a Pygmalion effect, or at least I wouldn’t apply that to the whole population. DuBois probably put it best when he wrote that, for African Americans, existence in America gives “this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity.” 

Your point on how modern black female American symbols of success, at least those within the entertainment world, mirror the hypersexualization that came from European stereotypes is very interesting. With the examples of Nicki Minaj and Beyonce, I wonder if it’s accurate to say that they take that stereotype and completely turn it around. They own their sexuality on their terms, which is something Saartjie Baartman (”Hottentot Venus”) was stripped of. In doing that, they can empower young people who look to the entertainment industry to own themselves on their terms. However, maybe others would argue the opposite: that Minaj and Knowles are simply contributing to the stereotypes founded and perpetuated by white majority media. 

“When Minaj received negative feedback after releasing the cover art for ‘Anaconda,’ she took to her Instagram to highlight the inconsistent and—let’s be honest—racist reactions to her displaying her own body. She wrote ‘Angelic. Acceptable. Lol’ alongside photos of white Sports Illustrated models, topless and arching their backs, with their barely-covered bottoms on the cover of the magazine.” -https://bitchmedia.org/post/nicki-minajs-unapologetic-sexuality-anaconda-video-feminism (note: Bitch Media is staffed by nearly all white women)

-Mady Baer

[blacktechne]

I definitely agree with the comments about creating better images of blacks in the media, especially for young black children and for non blacks as well. In some cases media is the only form of communication or “understanding” that non blacks may have with African Americans in this country and the negative portrayal does nothing to further our society.

I took Modern South African History last semester and we talked a lot about the hottentots and I also saw a picture that compared Saartje Baartman and Kim Kardashian’s “break the internet” shoot. There were many articles attached comparing a photo of both women and explaining the appropriation of black culture, and how a non black woman, Kim Kardashian, was most likely unaware of the parallel.

-Danielle Scott 

[tretip01-blog]

I do not think its fair to young women to feel they have to meet the sexual quota of being a black woman. Also it hurts to see that people find it ok to exploit stereotypes as if we are not offended.