Countinuing.....On the other hand,as we are reminded in the pandemic;so too does living with animals -whether as source of food ,as companions ,or as commensals (like rats)Urbon settlements naturally tend towards other things too: property rights ;writting systems ; social and economic hierarchies and such .What is interesting however ,is that the Indus valley civilisation differs from others because inequality levels were far lower than other locations .The likely answer is because the indus ,unlike the other rivers,changed course often .That meant that the the location bof the best land changed , sometimes each year.And that meant the structure of the society was different.Fasceating. There are plenty ways in which a mass extinction might come from other things we do that do not involve emissions ,or resources .For example ,the lethal capabilities of our weapons system might dramatically b change the face and shape of the earth:even a modest contact between nuclear powers will have major climatic and natural consequence that are global, regardless of where a confrontation happens .As a historian , promise that the likelihood of major war in the future is not so much high as certain.And a nuclear war would make recycling redundant. What let's me go to sleep , eventually b,is to remember that we've managed to do OK for decades, centuries beven-and if there is one thing humans are good at ,it is picking up the places after devastating wars, terrible famines and awful suffering ,and getting going again.Greek historian Polybius wrote almost two thousend years ago,"such disasters , tradition tell us ,have often befallen mankind and must reasonably be expected to recur ".No matter how band things seemed v, however ,the human population would and renew" as if from seeds". That's a good way of looking at it ! (🙏 for Peter Frankopan (historian of Oxford University)and Sanjeev Shankaran ) published by De Media International,Mail : [email protected] (at Mumbai, Maharashtra) https://www.instagram.com/p/CqLme9Jyri6_cLtn7euOKkO1P3oGzZUJFCczbA0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=