Hi there! I have a question: how does one go about reporting problems one sees at zoos and similar facilities? There's a place near my college that has a bunch of exotic animals to look at and some goats to pet, but I'm... Concerned about the safety and well-being of both the animals and the visitors. For instance--they have an umbrella cockatoo in a cage that looks about half the size that the bird would need, and there's no barrier in front of it. Anyone could stick fingers in and get bit.
All of my answers here are only going to be relevant to the United States, or facilities accredited by US-based accrediting groups.
If it is a mammal at a facility that is open to the public, you can report it to the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS) at this link. However, for it to be something they can work with, it needs to be:
A concern that is a violation of the Animal Welfare Act standards for USDA-licensed entities as listed in the Bluebook regulations.
Something that youāve seen for yourself
Something that has actually occurred (e.g., āI saw someone put their finger in and get bit by a monkeyā, rather than āI saw a cage with fencing where someone could potentially put a finger through and get bitā)
USDA only has jurisdiction over mammals at the moment, so they canāt address concerns regarding reptile, bird, or fish welfare. The feds are in the process of writing and implementing a government rule that would also give them oversight over exhibited birds, so once that happens you can contact them about bird concerns too.
If the facility is accredited by an organization like the AZA, ZAA, AMMPA, or GFAS, you should be able to contact the accrediting body directly to report a concern. It ideally should be a violation of the actual standards the facility is required to follow, but I think those orgs are less restricted than the feds to and can more easily look into general concerns about welfare and safety. However, the annoying part there is that as of the last time I checked, none of the accrediting orgs actually have an explicit place where people can submit their concerns listed! Theyāll often say they hear from the public frequently, but if youāre like hmmm I would like to bring up a thing about a facility you accredit, there isnāt a form or a specific email address or anything. My advice would be to email their general information / contact email and ask where to send a report about a concern. (And then please tell me what the official instructions are, if/when you do).
Be prepared that thereās no guarantee youāll get a response to your submission, but itās worth a try. (I actually donāt know if USDA APHIS is obligated to respond to individual complaints, and accrediting groups can honestly do whatever they want). With USDA, you also need to know that thereās a lot of really inconsistent regulation of animal exhibition in the US (both for exotics and regular domestic animals) and it can kind of be a mess. The Animal Welfare Act imposes a minimum set of standards for USDA to require and enforce, and while theyāre fairly good overall, there are things youād expect to be more stringent that arenāt. For instance: the regulation that requires fencing to be sufficient to prevent contact between animals and the public works up until a barrier that inspectors term compliant is breached, and then it doesnāt. So when the tragedy with Harambe happened, the fencing around that exhibit was considered to be compliant with USDA requirements⦠until the kid got through and made contact with an animal. After that, it was determined to be non-compliant and needed to be upgraded. But a year or two later, I saw almost the exact fencing setup around a different gorilla exhibit at a different major zoo - it appeared that that specific fence was still compliant because nobody had crossed it. Yet.
You might be able to report generalized concerns to somewhere more local and see if there can at least be more oversight of the facility, but I canāt give you generalized advice on that - who to contact and how to do it will vary drastically based on a whole bunch of things at the state/county/municipal level.
Updating to add, because I totally spaced on it until someone mentioned it in the comments: take photos or video to document your concerns.