Washington DC Capitol Subway System: Capitol, Dirksen, and Hart Line
Along the south side of the same tunnel that serves the Russell Senate Office Building, a new subway serving the remaining two buildings, Dirksen and Hart, runs parallel until the tunnel splits shortly before Russell. A pedestrian walkway runs down the middle of the tunnel until the split. The subway to Dirksen and Hart was installed in 1993, replacing the system installed in 1960. Marks along the roof of the tunnel show where the catenary wire ran.
The new trains are fully enclosed with a mesh roof and each train consists of three cars - one of which appears to be reserved for senators. Because of the power system, described below, the tracks are isolated from the walkway by a waist-high balustrade with plexiglass barriers mounted on top. At the stations, the tracks are isolated from the platform by automatic doors that synch with the train car doors. Multiple cars run along these tracks so there are Y terminals at each end of the line at Hart and the Senate side and a center platform at Dirksen.
The new cars are fully automated and driverless and operate using an Automatic Vehicle Operation (AVO) control system and a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System provided by Transdyn Controls. The AVO system consists of six motor control centers. Each motor control center houses a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) communicating over serial links to Variable Frequency Drives (VFD’s). The VFD’s control a series of linear induction motors that apply thrust to the vehicles. Each trolley is a passive unit; and braking, vehicle detection, and speed control are all handled by the wayside units housing the AVO. The control system is also responsible for station docking, door control, switch control, and interaction with the Automatic Vehicle Protection System as well as monitoring system power and all aspects of the vehicle such as daily schedules, operating modes, and vehicle headways. This AVO system runs across a fiber-optic backbone.
Motion is provided by 506 linear induction motors (LIMs) lining the tracks at intervals of 4.5 to 9 feet (1.5 to 3 meters). Steel-backed aluminum reaction plates are mounted underneath the passive cars. The LIMs were built byForce Engineering and are also contained in the wayside units. Vehicle sensors and control equipment are fitted in each LIM junction box. All LIMs are connected to the same inverter driven bus bar system. As the vehicles accelerate and brake, the frequency and voltage fed to the bus is varied by the main computer to regulate performance.
The route itself is a double track loop of 3,100 feet (945 meters) and the cars normally operate in "pinched loop" mode with four (4) vehicles in operation at any given time with sixty-second headways. The vehicles can also operate in "shuttle" mode allowing one (1) car to shuttle back and forth on a single track. Each train weighs about 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg.) with a passenger capacity of up to 7,000 pounds (2,700 kg.) and runs at speeds up to 14 mph. Engineering services for the 1993 installation were provided by Lea+Elliott.
The underground train system at the Capital Building.
Platform Doors on Senate Subway
U.S. Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa chooses to walk rather than ride a Senate subway rail car from the Dirksen Senate Office Building into the Capitol April 5, 2011. (Reuters/Kevin Lamarque)
The underground train system at the Capital Building.
The underground train system at the Capital Building.
United States Senate Subway System
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I., checks his phone as he takes the U.S. Capitol subway
Sen. Tim Kaine listens to his aide in the U.S. Capitol subway as he heads to the Senate chambers in Washington on Thursday, July 26, 2013. (Hyunsoo Leo Kim | The Virginian-Pilot)
Sources: (2) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)